Reduce stress

There have different approach to decrease pressure, for example, tune in to music , practices consistently and have a decent connection with others. Theme sentence 1 : Firstly, tune in to music can diminish pressure. Supporting subtleties 1 : distinctive individual have diverse most loved music kind, however the best in other to lessen pressure is tune in to slow and exemplary music. Supporting subtleties 2 : besides, music can bringing down pulse, and diminishing the degrees of stress hormones. Supporting subtleties 3 : Listening to music can ease melancholy and increment confidence evaluations in older individuals. Subject sentence 2 : besides, practices normally can lessen pressure Supporting subtleties 1 : in other to decrease pressure need to have practices at rent 3 days every week, when done activities, sweats discharge with negative vitality from our body and keep our brain in balance. Supporting subtleties 2 : Otherwise, activities can keep our body sound and away from unhealthy. Supporting subtleties 3 : to maintain a strategic distance from feel exhausting with a similar action we can change our ordinary exercise from gimnasium to swimming, moving, cycling, playing badminton or other outrageous games like divider climbing, and jugle following. Subject sentence 3 : at last, have a decent connection with others Supporting subtleties 1 : become acquainted with about our companions and be mingled. Supporting subtleties 2 : have a decent comical inclination and now and again make messes with companions in office. Supporting subtleties 3 : must have in any event one closest companion that can communicate any issues, consistently cause guardians as the best individual to discover any issue to fathom since they generally know the best for us.

Anatomy Practice

The highest strand in this structure is known as the coding strand. The second strand that lies underneath the coding strand is known as the layout strand. All together for a RNA polymerase to go from the upper strand to the second strand it must experience the procedure called translation. To start with, the RNA polymerase must append on to one of the qualities on the coding strand on DNA. When the RNA polymerase appends, it should then start the procedure called initiation.This implies that the RNA polymerase opens up the two strands of DNA all together for mRNA combination to start as it descends the format strand. When it begins descending the format strand, that’s when prolongation happens. This is the point at which the RNA polymerase loosens up the DNA helix before it and rewinds the helix behind it coordinating each base with its right accomplice. When the RNA polymerase arrives at a unique base succession called end signal, translation is then over.This is called end. The line of â€Å"guitars† speaks to the arrangement in the tRNA anticodons. The tan balls on the base of the â€Å"guitars† speak to the amino acids in the polypeptide chain. The multicolor piano keys speak to the various bases that are in DNA and RNA atoms. What is diverse in the second strand than the principal upper strand is that the subsequent strand is mRNA which contains the base Uracil while the primary strand is DNA and contains Thymine rather than Uracil.The distinction between the subsequent strand and the â€Å"guitars† is that the subsequent strand is mRNA which are codons while the â€Å"guitars† are tRNA and are anticodons. The distinction in the arrangement between the principal strand and the â€Å"guitars† is that the main strand is triplets which contain Thymine and the â€Å"guitars† are anticodons and rather than Thymine, they contain Uracil. The procedure going from the second strand to the â€Å"guitars† is ca lled interpretation. This is the place the language of nucleic acids is converted into the language of proteins in which they are utilized to gather polypeptide chains.

CHICON 2008

CHICON 2008 [by C/4C Adam Fuhrmann 11, C/4C Patrick Ernst 11, and C/4C Daniel Darlington 11] This year, during spring break, Detachment 365 cadets Darlington, Ernst and Fuhrmann traversed the nation to a gathering of exceptional cadets from the Arnold Air Society (AAS). This event, known as the National Conclave (NATCON), was hosted in Chicago, IL this year and was dubbed CHICON. During the weekend these three intrepid cadets attended many AAS business sessions in order to pass resolutions and make decisions on behalf of the society. During these sessions we had discussions with AFOATS Commander Major General Alfred K. Flowers as well as AFROTC Commander Colonel William R. Kunzweiler. We also witnessed a fantastic demonstration of the Air Force Drill Team, Hooahh! The Air Force Association hosted a luncheon for the cadets where we heard an incredible war story from a Vietnam Veteran Air Force pilot, and we watched our own Cadet Castonia receive the Northeast Region Outstanding Cadet of the Year Award. During the meetings we spoke with cadets from all over the country and swapped stories about our detachments and ROTC experiences. We gathered a lot of useful information and gained insight as to how we can improve our squadron and fulfill our goal as AAS cadets, which is to benefit society on behalf of the Air Force. We voted on two issues of utmost importance while we were at CHICON. First, we voted for the Charles E. Yeager Squadron of West Virginia University to be the National Headquarters of Arnold Air Society for 2008-2009. This resolution passed after heated debate between those who admired the squadron for their aspiration and those who felt the squadron did not provide sufficient evidence of their ability to be an effective National Headquarters. Once the 2007-2008 National Staff unofficially endorsed the Charles E. Yeager Squadron, momentum swung in their favor, and they won the title of National Headquarters for the coming year. We also voted for the Arnold Air Society and Silver Wings National Conclave 2009 to be held in Phoenix, AZ. It will be known as FIESTACON and is sure to be every bit as fun and productive and a few degrees warmer than CHICON. However, this trip was not all business. We had plenty of free time to spend as we pleased. Whether it was our exciting walk downtown in search of the best Chicago-style pizza place, or our jaw-dropping experience checking out Bentleys and Lamborghinis, we never felt like the meetings were eating up all of our time. Even during the times that we didnt go out into the city we still had a blast. We regularly lounged around in our hotel room to watch the March Madness games, and watch our brackets get destroyed in the process. There was also a Conclave-wide on-site activity during which everybody got together to play all sorts of games and hang out. There was golf, basketball, music, a moon-bounce, arcade games, and much more. Overall, it was a fun and exciting experience that I wish everybody could have enjoyed. Post Tagged #ROTC

Essay on Digital Media and Society - 5371 Words

Final exam study Digital Media and Society Week 1 What this class is about†¦ * Humans exchanging meaning * Through messages, by innovating using devices originally intended for corporate and government data management... computers * The debates about emerging media * How these debates are important to you profession development * You are a†¦ knowledge worker Field labels * New communication technology * New media * Digital media Article: how is work changing? Digital * Information in a binary electronic form * Manipulable * Digital information is easily changeable and adaptable at all stages of creation, storage, delivery and use * Networkable * Digital information†¦show more content†¦* Harold Inis (1951) * The Bias of Communication * Arguments against: * Bryan Pfaffenberger (1992) * Social Anthropology of Technology (socio-technical system) Technology (Hirst and Harrison, 2007, p.58) * Humans use tools, act, shape destiny * People socially interacting with new ideas and technologies have made change * Technology is an interaction of ideas (knowledge) and objects (tools) that exist and function in socially determined reasons Ways of discussing Digital Media * Dialect * Discussion and reasoning by dialogue as a method of intellectual investigation * Use of the word â€Å"dialect† in part to mean â€Å"technoculture† * Fetish * An object believed to have magical power by its owner. A material object regarded with superstitious trust, reverence, an object of reverence Hirst and Harison * There is a contradiction, expressed through a dialect, between the forms of technology and social relations that govern their application * The social relations that define a mode of development are perhaps more important then technology in shaping our future Technocracy * The theory and movement advocating control of the industrial resources and reorganisation of the social system based on the findings of technologists and engineers Book: What would google do? Web: Turning down the volume: trying to control the vast amount of flood waterShow MoreRelatedDigital Media And Its Effect On Society1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe launch of a new digital media gadget does have a huge influence on society and can provoke such great excitement for people worldwide as any sort of media outlet can be used in multiple ways. Most digital media gadgets are everywhere and people will always come across it, especially because technology is improving, advancing, and is everywhere. Certain digital media gadgets over time have shaped the expectations, perceptions and interpretations of reality within society. This is evidently shownRead MoreDigital Media And Its Effect On Society1770 Words   |  8 Pages In society, one of the most highly influential ways of interacting with the public is through the widespread form of digital media. In itself, digital media is any media that can be utilized or viewed via electronics. This mixes two things that people love an d use every day, the first being media like radio, television, newspapers, magazines, and websites. The second subject being all things digital, such as laptops, desktop computers, smartphones, cameras, gaming consoles, etc. These mediums affectRead MoreDigital Media And Its Impact On Society1114 Words   |  5 PagesMorozov states this subject is about economics and logistics. He claims we confuse the intended uses of technology with the actual uses. Cyber-utopians truly believe in the power of the web to change societies for the better. People believe that if all persons can get online, and have enough connectivity, through collaboration they can get what they want, and democracy is inevitable. His argument is that this ideation disregards political, cultural, and sociological elements, and paints a preciseRead MoreThe Effects Of Digital Media On Society s Media1714 Words   |  7 PagesIt is undeniable that the society is experiencing a mediated culture, where mass media ha ve direct effects on our society. Newspapers, magazines, radios, and televisions constantly give out messages to promote products, attitudes, and ideas in an attempt to influence audiences. The effect is further enhanced when digital media, particularly the Internet, enters the competition for the limited supply of audience attention. The saturated mass media industry no longer has the benefit of reach it usedRead MoreThe Impact Of Digital Media On Modern Society1618 Words   |  7 Pageslast two decades, our view of mass media communication in modern society has been extensively reconfigured by the â€Å"new media† applications stemming from the rollout of digital technologies. In so many different ways, the digital media has come to be seen as the definitive technology of our times. The powerful combination of mechanical calculation, electronics, binary code and human language system touches us in almost every aspect of life† (Athique, 2013). Media in general plays t he main role in ourRead MoreThe Impact Of Digital Media On Business And Society1426 Words   |  6 PagesThanks to digital media, companies and organizations can get their information out to the public faster than ever before. Digital media has not only made it easier for businesses and organizations to advertise their work, but it makes their work more accessible to the general public. Over the past decade, the impact of digital media on business and society in general has been extraordinary. New technologies have affected the creation, and distribution of content to the masses. With a click of a buttonRead MoreThe Truth Initiative : Digital Media And Society1593 Words   |  7 Pages The Truth Initiative CMST301: Digital Media and Society By: Laudy Oliveros 6/19/2016 â€Æ' Introduction Smoking is something very common in today’s society. The majority of people had acquired the habit of smoking from relatives, close friends, or just to fit in with the group. We can see it in our work place, household, or community now even more often. Moreover, peer pressure and the need of trying something new usually attracts people to start smoking or just try it to be â€Å"cool.† As anRead MoreMass Medi The Spread Of Digital Media Communication1701 Words   |  7 Pagesthe mass media likely to survive the spread of digital media communication? The purpose of this essay is to explore if mass media is likely to survive the spread of digital media communication. Firstly, this essay discusses the definition of mass media, as well as when and where it originated in order to gain a better background understanding. It then goes on to discuss the growing popularity of digital media and how mass media communication still prevails despite the new digital media. In the conclusionRead MoreThe Digital Revolution Has Impacted Society1724 Words   |  7 Pages The digital revolution is truly changing the world in a rapid progression. Over the years many analog methods and products have been turning digital. We live in a mostly digital society compared to about 60 years ago, around when the digital revolution started. In the 1960s computers started to become popular in a business setting. Technology has sculpted today’s society. There are many ways that the digital revolution has impacted society. Education, businesses, medical sc iences, law enforcementRead MoreThe Sociological Approach to Digital Natives in Gasser and Palfreys Born Digital1272 Words   |  6 Pages In Urs Gassers and Jon Palfreys, Born Digital, both authors take a sociological approach on analyzing and interpreting the new phenomenon known as the emergence of Digital Natives, or the part of society born after 1980. The main thesis for Born Digital that Urs Gassers and Jon Palfrey were trying to transcend, was how individuals who are Born Digital are transforming the world we live in. Digital Natives are transforming our world because of their interactions and intuit with technology and

Essay on Teaching Philosophy Statement - 1035 Words

Teaching Philosophy Statement Teaching is a profession which allows one to influence many lives. It is because of this opportunity to touch lives that I have decided to enter the teaching profession. I understand that the benefits of this profession are mostly intrinsic as opposed to extrinsic, yet the thought of inspiring students to learn drives me closer to the teaching profession. Monetary gain from a certain profession is minimal compared to the feeling that at the end of the day you have touched someone’s life. To summarize, the reason that I am entering the teaching profession, is my conviction to touch lives. Full of life and well lit will be two ways of describing my classroom. Nothing is more depressing than working†¦show more content†¦I will at the beginning of each year lay out the rules very clearly. In my experience at a private school, students, when they know what is expected of them, will thrive under these kinds of strict guidelines. Be firm and be absolute yet show compassion to each student and success will be eminent. While I will adopt many of the views of a traditionalist, I also will be eclectic in many areas of the teaching process. I would like to implement positive discipline approaches for minor offences, assuming the position of a progressive teacher. Regarding minor offenses, such as throwing paper or talking out of turn, I would hesitate before using the office. I feel that involving the office in every violation would lead to the child becoming somewhat immune to the office. Also the idea of allowing stdents to assist in problem solving as oppose d to straight plain lectures all the time wold seem beneficial to me. In this aspect my teaching style would lean toward more of afacilitating style. I wholly support standardized testing in the educational process. While understanding that many teachers feel limited in having a restricted curriculum, I think standards are the only real way of checking progress of students at different stages of development. It is a known fact that we have a certain percentage of high school kids who can not read,Show MoreRelatedThe Statement Of Teaching Philosophy966 Words   |  4 PagesStatement of Teaching Philosophy My teaching philosophy consists of seven components that create an effective, well-organized and interactive learning environment for students. These components consist of developing healthy relationships, a creating safe classroom atmosphere, constructing a detailed and clear syllabus/assignments, taking neutral stances toward social-religious difference, developing critical thinking, broadening the intellectual horizon of students, and assessment of the teacherRead MoreThe Statement Of Teaching Philosophy1240 Words   |  5 PagesStatement of Teaching Philosophy Michael Robb, Ph.D. January 2015 Undergraduates in introductory psychology courses are often fascinated by the unique experiments and observations that reveal insights into human nature. It can be challenging, but also more rewarding, to help students understand the theories that try to make sense out of research. However, when students are able to understand psychological and educational theory, they are better able to construct the story of the human experienceRead MoreThe Statement Of Teaching Philosophy1775 Words   |  8 PagesMy Philosophy Introduction â€Å"The statement of teaching philosophy (also called the teaching statement or teaching philosophy statement) promotes reflective practice by encouraging instructors to describe their teaching methods, to justify why they use those methods, to analyze the effectiveness of those methods, and to consider how they might appropriately modify those methods in future courses.† (Schà ¶nwetter et al., 2002) Stake holder motivation, engagement, cognitive associations, and personalRead MoreThe Role Of A Teaching Philosophy Statement1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of a Teaching Philosophy Statement (TPS) Personal development is one aspect of gaining new information to enhance skills, abilities and overall knowledge. The development of a TPS, is a personal analysis of general concepts of teaching, learning, observations and experiences, transferred into the learning environment (Caukin, 2017). Consequently, the statement is intimate, insightful, with an inclusion of personal views of the aspects of teaching, foundation of learning, in addition toRead More Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching Philosophy Statement Aristotle once said, â€Å"The one exclusive sign of thorough knowledge is the power of teaching.† Teaching enables students to gain the intelligence needed to excel in life. I believe that a teacher’s philosophy of education is a crucial role in his or her approach to leading students on their educated path. A philosophy of education is the set of beliefs that every school and every teacher stand behind. The certain philosophy that one chooses provides the answersRead More Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay922 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching Philosophy Statement Knowing that you have had an impact on someone and ending the day feeling like you changed just one life could be the best job in the world. To me those feelings and thoughts can only come from one profession-teaching. I have a family full of teachers and it is exciting to see them come home and have that satisfaction of influencing someone’s life. I want to be apart of that feeling and emotion. I have chosen the route to be a SpecialRead More Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay958 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching Philosophy Statement â€Å"Teacher’s change lives.† Most people would agree that this statement is true. A teacher has the responsibility of imparting knowledge to students, while having the opportunity to make a huge impact on each student’s life. To be truly successful and effective, a teacher must take the time to thoroughly consider his or her teaching philosophy. The following is a statement of my educational philosophy. I believe every child has a rightRead MoreEssay on Teaching Philosophy Statement1037 Words   |  5 PagesTeaching Philosophy Statement â€Å"Teaching is not a profession; it’s a passion. Without passion for your subject and a desire for your students to learn and be the best in the world, then we have failed as a teacher and failure is not an option.† –John F. Podojil. In my opinion, this quotation is very true. If you do not have the passion to teach your students what is right in the world and what makes them be the best they can be, then you are not really teaching your students orRead More Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay1198 Words   |  5 Pages Teaching Philosophy Statement Dewey defined education as the reconstruction and reorganization of experiences, which increases one’s ability to direct the course of subsequent experiences and these experiences can be both active and passive. However, according to Lindemand, the education experience is, first of all doing something; second, doing something which makes a difference; and third, knowing what difference it makes. While on the other hand Maxine Green said, â€Å"to do educationalRead MoreEssay on Teaching Philosophy Statement1150 Words   |  5 Pages Teaching Philosophy Statement The economic, social, and political systems of the United States are arranged in a manner that benefits the few at the expense of the rest. Unfortunately, the school is a tool indirectly used by the government to perpetuate the injustice and keep things in tact. Blind patriotism in the classroom suppresses discussion on pervasive inequalities, leaving students to ignorantly accept the status quo. As a social reconstructionist, I believe that younger

Change On Food Production Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

Agribusiness is extremely dependent on specific clime conditions. Moderate heating and appropriate C dioxide in the ambiance may assist workss to turn faster. But more terrible clime alteration such as planetary heating, inundations, drouth, and hail may cut down outputs. We will write a custom essay sample on Change On Food Production Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harmonizing the study, from 1981 to 1990, the mean planetary temperature has increased 0.48 A °C than 100 old ages ago. If nursery gas emanations continue the heating will besides go on, with temperatures projected to increase by 1.4 A °C to 5.8 A °C between 1990 and 2100. ( Richardson et al. 2011 ) Increases in temperature and C dioxide ( CO2 ) can be good for some harvests in some topographic points. But to recognize these benefits, food degrees, dirt wet, H2O handiness, and other conditions must besides be met. Higher Carbon dioxide degrees can increase outputs. The outputs for some harvests, like wheat and soya beans, could increase by 30 % or more under a doubling of CO2 concentrations. The outputs for other harvests, such as maize, exhibit a much smaller response ( less than 10 % addition ) . However, some factors may antagonize these possible additions in output. For illustration, if temperature exceeds a harvest ‘s optimum degree or if sufficient H2O and foods are non available, output additions may be reduced or reversed. Crops grown in the United States are critical for the nutrient supply here and around the universe. U.S. exports supply more than 30 % of all wheat, maize, and rice on the planetary market. Changes in temperature, sum of C dioxide ( CO2 ) , and the frequence and strength of extreme conditions could hold important impacts on harvest outputs. Warmer temperatures may do many harvests grow more rapidly, but warmer temperatures could besides cut down outputs. Crops tend to turn faster in warmer conditions. However, for some harvests ( such as grains ) , faster growing reduces the sum of clip that seeds have to turn and maturate. This can cut down outputs ( i.e. , the sum of harvest produced from a given sum of land ) . ( EPA 2012 ) All the job demand to hold fast and effectual ways to be solve good. In the text will speak other state utilize what solution to diminish the harm and to protect the harvest. Global heating has a serious impact on agricultural production, harmonizing to the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research ( CGIAR ) research study pointed out the exposure of agribusiness to climate warming public presentation of ingestion in the universe ‘s largest of several major assortments of grain, wheat, cereal, maize and rice are peculiarly sensitive to high temperature, decreased production will do nutrient deficits. ( CGIAR 2012 ) World Agro forestry Centre main ecologist Dr. Lewis aˆ? Will Carter study pointed out that the impact of clime alteration on agribusiness in developing states, for illustration, China ‘s agricultural production, the chief harvests are rice, wheat and maize, warming irrigated and rain-fed spring wheat production decreased by 17.7 % and 31.4 % , severally, the mean maize production will cut 3 % -7 % ; ( Chiras 2012 ) warming will speed up microbic decomposition of dirt organic affair, ensuing in the diminution of d irt birthrate, execution of the pesticide will increase and widen the harvest turning season, so that non merely increase agricultural costs, and affect the safety of the nutrient. ( Cline 2007 ) Solution: straw engineering is a stimulation of dirt birthrate, non merely put an terminal to the air pollution caused by straw combustion, and flesh outing output good to assist better its agricultural production. Warming chiefly due to the atmospheric concentrations of nursery gases ( CO2, CH4, and N2O ) concentration increased CO2 is the chief nursery gas, straw as a bearer stuff, energy and foods, is a valuable natural resource, straw is the straw is non straight feed straight or accretion composting installations into the dirt in a manner, the usage of straw engineering can better dirt belongingss, accelerated adobe ripening and better dirt birthrate by impacting dirt microbic biomass and microbic communities, and alterations in dirt physical and chemical belongingss, such as the many ways to increase the strength of dirt respiration, thereby increasing dirt C dioxide emanations, and can direct compensation the ingestion possible birthrate of the dirt, the biological rhythm acce lerated dirt stuff to advance the growing of good micro-organisms in the dirt better alimentary supply conditions to advance the addition of dirt organic affair and N, P, K and other content, better dirt wet keeping capacity, hiking harvest opposition. On the other manus, the mechanisation of straw including straw chopper compiled force per unit area to field a assortment of signifiers, the whole rod characteristic is convenient, fast, low-cost and big country of aˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹soil birthrate advantage ; it has been one of the more mature engineerings. ( Meng et al. 2008 ) After 1760s Industrial Revolution, release more C dioxide, ensuing in runing snow to do more inundations and influence nutrient production. For illustration Yangtze river is the highest frequence of inundations in China, one of the infestation of serious natural catastrophes, ( Wanfang Data 2012 ) so for work outing the job there are two ways, cut downing C footmark and concept dike in the Crop-growing countries, use the reservoir to command inundation. ( Luo 2002 ) So for cut downing C footmark, first is China authorities encourage mills to emission gas after Purification of C dioxide, second is authorities investing research new energy. If C footmark can cut down success, may non hold excessively many inundations and nutrient production will increase. For forestalling to cut down nutrient production from inundations, China authorities built Three Gorges Project from 1994 for protect the center and lower ranges of the Yangtze River, although Three Gorges Project has Flood control, p ower coevals and transportation, including inundation control, are considered the nucleus benefits of the Three Gorges Project. So make certain protect Crop-growing countries. ( Baidu 2012 ) When the clime alteration, it besides make the drouth Frequent happening, a batch of Crop-growing countries nutrient production sudden cut down, people can increase nutrient production for work outing the job, and there is a scientist did really good in this, he created a new sort of rice, Yuan Longping, Studied of intercrossed rice engineering from 1964, three lines back uping in 1973, bred the first intercrossed rice South High Yielding Combinations first-class No. 2 in 1974, developed in 1975, the success of intercrossed rice cultivation engineering for the big graduated table intercrossed rice laid the foundation. iZhuang 2008i?†° For increasing nutrient production we need to advance the cultivation of Yuan Longping â€Å" intercrossed rice † . Yuan Longping went to eight states recent old ages including the Philippines, the United States, Japan, France, Britain, Italy, Egypt, Australia, has been invited to give talks, Teach techniques, take part in academic conferenc es or proficient cooperation and research international academic activities 19 times. Hybrid rice go to the universe, the United States, Japan, the Philippines, Brazil, Argentina and more than 100 states have introduced intercrossed rice and we need do better. ( CCTV News 2012i?†° Internationally, the effects of clime alteration on agribusiness and nutrient production are likely to be similar to those seen in the United States and China. The effects of clime alteration besides necessitate to be considered along with other germinating factors that affect agricultural production, such as alterations in agriculture patterns and engineering. As the reader understanding from the text, some solutions and make ways are from experts, but non all of the famers have high instruction and high accomplishment to salvage the low nutrient production because of clime alteration. Many husbandmans because there was n’t adequate agricultural cognition lead to cut down the figure of harvest production. Such as China, Farmers mean instruction by deficiency of fixed figure of twelvemonth 7 old ages. In about 490 million rural labour force, the primary school civilization grade and illiteracy semiliterate histories for 40.31 % , the junior in-between school civilization grade of 48.01 % , high school civilization grade of 9.7 % , proficient secondary school civilization degree 2 % , above college civilization degree accounted for merely 0.52 % . ( Dong et al. 2006 ) If can non better the instruction quality of famers that will effects the agribusiness development. These phenomena get the attending of the authorities. A batch of local agribusiness agency has begun to action, they launch a preparation class Teach husbandmans better cultivation of nutrient, and besides reply famer ‘s inquiry about works the harvest. The agribusiness agency besides distribution of free engineering books to husbandmans about pollution-free veggies cultivation and the quality and safety of agribusiness merchandises. Through the preparation, better the husbandmans ‘ scientific discipline and engineering quality, developing they rely on scientific discipline and engineering to increase nutrient production. The authorities besides hope famers use their new cognition to make the new assortments can turn up in the different clime, and get the better of the terrible environment alteration to do nutrient production jobs to minimum. ( HNXNC 2012 ) How to cite Change On Food Production Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Information System Intelligence and Database Technologies

Question: Describe about the Information System for Intelligence and Database Technologies. Answer: Data Management, Data Mining, and Data Warehousing Data management is defined as the execution and development processes, policies, and procedures for data processing management. The data processing includes data mining and warehousing. These two are helps in management of big data. Data mining consist of collection of huge amount of information and databases for data management (Joseph, 2013). It helps in extracting the data useful on a specific database for easing the data warehousing process. Data warehousing is collection and process of data extracted from the data mining. It would help in managing the comprehensive database for supporting the data analytics (Han, Pei Kamber, 2011). Elements of the planning process, common management and governance Elements of Data management, data warehousing and data mining The elements of data management, data warehousing and data mining are data description, format of data, access and sharing, existing data and storage and security. Some other important elements consist of responsibility, intellectual rights of property, archive, and preservation. All these elements are responsible for forming a sync with the data management, mining and warehousing (Vucevic Yaddow, 2012). Role of Data Management, Data Mining, and Data Warehousing in Governance The data management, data mining and data warehousing would help the government in various processes such as managing the data of the federal employees, assisting them in their billing department, designing plans using electronic system aided programs, and identifying the non revenue products for classifying them. The government had used these technologies for maintaining the database of states (Ruppert, 2012). Elements of strategic planning for data management, mining and warehousing The elements of strategic planning for data management, mining and warehousing are achievement of the performance targets for data operations, increasing the productivity of the operations, achievement of the sustainable competition advantage, and satisfying customers (Roelofs et al. 2013). These elements are essential features of data management, mining and warehousing planning process. Information management and information security and assurance Information management and information security and assurance Information management can be defined as the process of management of information and data (Mahalakshmi Sundararajan, 2013). The information management deals with the process of information management using any database system. The security and assurance is the process of protecting outside unauthorized access in the database of the information system. (McNurlin, Sprague Bui, 1989). However, the security and assurance of information system would result in increasing the efficiency of the information management. The management and security assurance of the information combined would result in effective information system (Schwalbe, 2015). Elements of the planning process, common management and governance Elements of Information management and Information security and assurance According to McNurlin Sprague and Bui (1989), the elements of information management and security assurance are confidentiality, integrity, availability, utility, and authenticity. These elements are useful for management of information system and maintenance of the security and assurance of information. Role of Information management and Information security and assurance in Governance The information management and security assurance has helped government in making a database for all the private and confidential information. The government had to deal with huge amount of data for the processing and configuring their operations. This information has to be kept secured and protected from any external access (Spears, Barki Barton, 2013). It can be done by implying the information management and security and assurance. Elements of Strategic planning for Information management, security and assurance The elements of information management and security assurance are security policies, designing of the database, accountability and behavior (Mahalakshmi Sundararajan, 2013). These elements would help in forming strategic plans for the information management and security assurance. Knowledge Management and Artificial Intelligence system Knowledge Management and Artificial Intelligence systems Knowledge Management is the process of managing the information on a knowledge based system (Brodie Mylopoulos, 2012). The knowledge based system helps in managing the information. The conceptual knowledge of the knowledge based system would be helpful in forming and processing of the Artificial Intelligence concepts. The Artificial Intelligence system is the development of technology for realizing a system that is capable of thinking and learning just like humans (Cohen Feigenbaum, 2014). The system is based on knowledge gained from over the years of technological development. The knowledge management would show the extent of the knowledge governance for the artificial intelligence. Elements of the planning process, common management and governance Elements of management of Knowledge Management and Artificial Intelligence system The elements of knowledge management are document storage, discovery, messaging and knowhow. These elements would help in forming management of the knowledge information. The elements of artificial intelligence are knowledge representation, inference methods, production system, ontology and hypothesis. The elements are used for forming the synthesis of the information about the artificial intelligence (Chandrasegaran et al. 2013). Role of Knowledge Management and Artificial Intelligence system in governance Knowledge management has helped in developing a systematic approach for the management of the knowledge based information of their operations. The information of the government database like tax returns or income statement can be managed by the use of knowledge management information system. The government had implemented the process of the surveillance using the artificial intelligence in their operations. The artificial intelligence has helped the government with the decision making process. The logical reasoning and human intelligence in the developed system has helped the government for making better decisions (Wilensky, 2015). Elements of Strategic planning of Knowledge Management and Artificial Intelligence system The elements of strategic planning are designing research, searching, feasibility, and preferability (Lundquist Trippl, 2013). These elements have helped in forming the management of the knowledge about the artificial intelligence. The knowledge management comprises of elements like classification, storage, software, raw data, and type of data (Chang, Manohar Wilhm, 2014). References Brodie, M. L., Mylopoulos, J. (Eds.). (2012).On knowledge base management systems: integrating artificial intelligence and database technologies. Springer Science Business Media. Chandrasegaran, S. K., Ramani, K., Sriram, R. D., HorvTh, I., Bernard, A., Harik, R. F., Gao, W. (2013). The evolution, challenges, and future of knowledge representation in product design systems. Computer-aided design, 45(2), 204-228. Chang, K., Manohar, N. D., Wilhm, R. K. (2014). U.S. Patent No. 8,712,965. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Cohen, P. R., Feigenbaum, E. A. (Eds.). (2014). The handbook of artificial intelligence (Vol. 3). Butterworth-Heinemann. Han, J., Pei, J., Kamber, M. (2011). Data mining: concepts and techniques. Elsevier. Joseph, M. V. (2013). Significance of data warehousing and data mining in business applications.International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN, 2231-2307. Khan, A., Ehsan, N., Mirza, E., Sarwar, S. Z. (2012). Integration between customer relationship management (CRM) and data warehousing.Procedia Technology,1, 239-249. Lundquist, K. J., Trippl, M. (2013). Distance, proximity and types of cross-border innovation systems: A conceptual analysis.Regional Studies,47(3), 450-460. Mahalakshmi, M., Sundararajan, M. (2013). Traditional SDLC Vs Scrum MethodologyA Comparative Study.International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,3(6), 192-196. McNurlin, B. C., Sprague, R. H., Bui, T. X. (1989).Information systems management in practice. Prentice-Hall International. Roelofs, E., Persoon, L., Nijsten, S., Wiessler, W., Dekker, A., Lambin, P. (2013). Benefits of a clinical data warehouse with data mining tools to collect data for a radiotherapy trial. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 108(1), 174-179. Ruppert, E. (2012). The governmental topologies of database devices.Theory, Culture Society, 29(4-5), 116-136. Schwalbe, K. (2015). Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Spears, J. L., Barki, H., Barton, R. R. (2013). Theorizing the concept and role of assurance in Information Systems Security. Information management, 50(7), 598-605. Vucevic, D., Yaddow, W. (2012). Testing the data warehouse practicum: Assuring data content, data structures and quality. Trafford Publishing. Wilensky, H. L. (2015). Organizational intelligence: Knowledge and policy in government and industry (Vol. 19). Quid Pro Books.

Aldis Micro environment

Aldis Micro environment Introduction Aldi is a German Based multinational company that operates in the discounted stores sector. Having started its operations back in the year 1946, the company has grown to the extent that it controls 8078 stores around the world today. The company entered the United Kingdom in 1990 with the opening of a single store. As of today, the company has managed to open four hundred stores across the United Kingdom.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Aldi’s Micro environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This growth has put the company amongst one of the most competitive companies in the Hypermarkets, Supermarkets and Superstores sector in the United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom, the company operates within a competitive micro environment. This implies that there are a substantial number of stakeholders in the sector in which Aldi operates (International Markets Bureau 2011). This paper explores the inter nal and external environment in which Aldi operates in the United Kingdom. The paper begins by examining the key stakeholders of the company. This is followed by a Porter’s five forces analysis, which helps to capture the macro environment in which the company operates. The paper ends by drawing recommendations from the findings, which can be used by Aldi to gain a competitive position in the United Kingdom. Key Stakeholder Groups in Aldi’s Micro Environment The government and regulators Each stakeholder plays a given role in as far as the influence of operation for companies is concerned. The government plays a greater role in setting the business environment. It influences the operation of a given company from the macro and even narrows down to shape the micro environment (Fassin 2009). The UK government, especially the ministry of trade ensures that comprehensive trade policies are in place in order to steer the operation of business companies. The government ensure s that the operational environment is fair for all the companies operating in the HSS. The retail laws are set by the government. Also, the government ensures that labour laws are effectively developed. The social and environmental policy matters are also coordinated by the government. The government does not have needs per se, but helps in setting standards that are required for effective business operation (International Markets Bureau 2011). Customers The other critical stakeholders in the micro environment are the customers (Fassin 2009). Research has pointed out that customers are the most valid stakeholders by any company, including Aldi. The reason behind this is that customers are the main sources of competitive advantage by virtue of their shopping trends and habits.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The growth of Aldi is associated with its ability to prov ide diverse services, which have enabled them to gain a substantial number of customers over time. Customers have their expectations of the company. Customers have been demanding for services at discounted prices. This enables the customers to attain goods at lesser costs. This is because of the higher cost of living that has been brought about by the recent tough economic conditions in the country and the world at large (NFU n.d). Suppliers Suppliers are vital for companies that deal with the marketing of a wide range of products. Aldi offers a wide range of products. This is one of the positioning factors for the company. The relevance of the suppliers to the company is to ensure sustainable supply of goods to the company (Fassin 2009). Aldi gets its supplies from different manufacturers and processors. In order to ensure that it maintains its relationship with its customers, a company has to ensure that it maintains a stable relationship with its suppliers so that they can keep s upplying quality products. Through the maintenance of a working relationship with their suppliers, the company is able to get a constant supply of products and services. The main need for suppliers is to ensure that they secure a relationship with the company so that they can maintain the company as one of their chains where they make their supplies. Employees According to Fassin (2009), employees are the immediate stakeholders in the company. When it comes to the issue of employees, Aldi focuses on two things: The maintenance of their employees through deployment of best practices in human resource management and the outsourcing of high quality employees from the lumber industry in the United Kingdom. As mentioned earlier, Aldi operates four hundred stores in the United Kingdom. This points out that the company has a substantial amount of employees in the country. The company has attained most of its managerial employees from the Universities in the United Kingdom. The employees ne ed to be maintained by the company through a better pay and other practices of performance management (NFU n.d).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Aldi’s Micro environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Communities Communities are another critical group of stakeholders in the company. The company draws its customers from the communities in areas where it has set its retail stores. It is argued that the only way through which a company can establish positive relationships and attachment to the community is by employing best practices in corporate social responsibility (Fassin 2009). These entail the support of activities and functions within the community. It also involves engagement in sustainable management and environmental conservation. These practices make the communities to be drawn near the company. Aldi has a policy on corporate social responsibility, which helps it to establish and sustain relationsh ips with the communities in the UK (NFU n.d). Porter’s Five Forces Analysis of Aldi in the UK’s HSS Sector The HSS sector is comprised of a substantial number of operators, thereby making the sector to be quite competitive. This implies that any company that aims at attaining a competitive position in the sector has to make efforts to understand the factors of competitiveness in the sector. Though still faced with challenges that impede its competitiveness in the UK HSS sector, Aldi has been active in the sector and has managed to gain a substantive amount of customers due its mastery of the macro environment and the subsequent adoption of competitive practices. Threat of new competition One thing that is feared by business companies, yet the most critical determiner for their performance is competition. Firms are required to keep monitoring and assessing the developments in the industry in which they operate to gain knowledge on how to adjust their activities in the m arket. This ensures competitiveness in the market (Draganska Klapper 2007). The HSS in the UK retail industry is comprised of a number of companies that have operated in the industry for a relatively longer period of time. Such companies include Tesco, Sainsbury, Morrissonswhereas and Asda (Hall 2011). Aldi is not considered as a new entrant in the HSS of the UK since it has operated in the UK for more than 20 years. The company has gained competitiveness in the industry through a strategic move, which made it venture into discount retailing. However, it has been noted that a substantial number of companies are opting to invest in the discount retailing in the future because of the developments in the current market (Brown 2013). This calls for Aldi to adjust its activities by making adjustments to the offers made to its customers.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is the best way through which the company can maintain its customers. The advantage for Aldi is that it has already operated in the discounted retailing for an extended period of time, thereby attracting a substantial number of customers. Threat of substitute products or services When there are numerous companies operating in an industry, substitute products or services are used as differential factors for companies in the market (Lusch, Vargo O’Brien 2007). The HSS industry in the UK has a high number of players who provide varied services to their customers. When a company uses the feature well, it easily gains a competitive advantage over other companies in the market. Aldi provides a wide range of products and services to its customers, for instance the weekly price offers and the special buy deals. This enables the company to attract a wide range of customers in the UK retail market (International Markets Bureau 2011). Bargaining power of customers The customers pu rchase the products and services of firms, thereby enabling firms to sustain their operations in the market. The purchasing behaviour of customers is shaped by a number of factors. Among these factors are the economic conditions and the offers that are made on purchases by the company. Brown (2013) observed that the current economic conditions in the world raised the conditions of living, forcing customers to cut down their expenditure on goods and services. This means that the bargaining power of customers is low, and they prefer to purchase from retailers who help them save. Therefore, the offers on the prices of goods and services favour a substantial number of buyers. This is what has enhanced the performance of Aldi in the recent years of operation in the UK HSS sector (Hall 2011). Bargaining power of suppliers Grewal and Levy (2009) observed that each company seeks for suppliers who can ensure it gets quality products at competitive prices in order to draw profits from the sup plies. Aldi offers its customers a wide range of products. This implies that the company has a large number of suppliers from which it gets the products. The prices that are offered to the suppliers by the company are drawn from the industry since the company has to ensure that its customers get the goods at affordable prices. Therefore, Aldi has developed strong links with a number of suppliers, who offers them supplies at discounted prices. This in turn enables the company to extend the discounts to their customers, which boosts their sales. In turn, this enables the company to get more supplies and benefit the suppliers (International Markets Bureau 2011). Intensity of competitive rivalry The intensity of competition in an industry is dictated by the number of active players in the industry and the nature of service offing to the customers by the players. The UK HSS has a number of well established companies like Sainsbury, Morrissonswhereas, Asda and Tesco. These companies are c onsidered as the main competitors for Aldi in the sector (Hall 2011). Their higher level of competitiveness resonates from the fact that they have been in operation in the country longer and have well expanded retail stores when compared to Aldi. However, Aldi has been strategic, a factor that enables the compact to ease the competitive pressures from the giant companies in the sector. Aldi has managed to ease the competitive pressure by fully venturing into discount retailing. As of today, it is argued that Aldi is one of the leading companies in discounted retailing in the UK. The discount retailers have continued to mount pressure on large supermarkets across the UK (International Markets Bureau 2011). Conclusion and recommendations According to the findings of this paper, Aldi is one of the most competitive companies in the UK retailing industry. The company has managed to gain competitiveness through the deployment of a number of strategic moves, such as venturing into discount ed retailing and higher diversification of the number and types of products. Therefore, the company has a high likelihood of continuing performing remarkably in the UK. This can be done through a number of practices. Aldi needs to increase the diversity in its service offering in order to capture the diverse groups of customers in the UK. The number of discounted offers ought to be extended so that they can favour buyers from the middle class, as well as those from the high class. At the same time, there is need for the company to start venturing into other sectors of the UK retail industry. This can be attained through research in order to enable the company to identify the best way to diversify its operating segments. Future prospects point to the fact that customers prefer discounting as a way of saving. Therefore, Aldi can enhance its competitiveness by opening more discounted stores across the entire UK. Presentation Speech In this paper, I present a clear picture of the comp etitive position of Aldi by putting the company within the perspective of the HSS industry in the UK. The three issues in areas of analysis of the company that I have focused on are: The stakeholder analysis, the Porter’s five force analysis and the recommendations. The stakeholder analysis has focused on five main stakeholders. These are: The government and regulators, suppliers, customers, employees, and the communities. The five forces analysis has explored the key areas of competitiveness of the company in the UK retail industry. From the discussion, I have derived three main recommendations for the company. Reference List Brown, J 2013, ‘Every Lidl helps: bargain hunters flock to German masters of no-frills shopping’, The Independent, independent.co.uk/news/business/news/every-Aldi-helps-bargain-hunters-flock-to-german-masters-of-nofrills-shopping-7888984.html Draganska, M Klapper, D 2007, ‘Retail environment and manufacturer competitive intensityâ₠¬â„¢, Journal of Retailing, vol. 83 no. 2, pp. 183-198. Fassin, Y 2009, ‘The stakeholder model refined’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 84 no. 1, pp. 113-135. Grewal, D Levy, M 2009,’ Emerging issues in retailing research’, Journal of Retailing, vol. 85 no. 4, pp. 522-526. Hall, J 2011, ‘Aldi and Lidl increase market shares as shoppers cut back’, The Telegraph, telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/8296774/Aldi-and-Lidl-increase-market-shares-as-shoppers-cut-back.html International Markets Bureau 2011, The United Kingdom: A sophisticated retail sector, ats-sea.agr.gc.ca/eur/5735-eng.htm Lusch, RF, Vargo, SL O’Brien, M 2007, Competing through service: Insights from service-dominant logic, Journal of Retailing, vol. 83 no. 1, pp. 5–18. NFU n.d, Review of grocery retailer CSR policies, https://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=10cad=rjaved=0CHsQFjAJurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfuonline.com%2FOur-work%2FF ood-chain%2FNews%2FNFU-Supermarkets-CSR-report-28-6-12%2Fei=WPAIUePTNIHTtAbDioDgAwusg=AFQjCNHyaeMIz0hL-7px0Anow06OnGTvmAbvm=bv.41642243,d.Yms

Rush Hour essays

Rush Hour essays The action genre had really gone sour ever since Terminator II died out. Action stars like Jean Claude Van Damme and Sylvester Stalone had basically made carbon copies of their previous hits and re-released them under different names. However, starting in 1998 with Rush Hour, starring Chris Tucker, Jackie Chan, and moving on to hits like The Matrix, the action genre is gaining new life with unique mixes of stars and plots to add life to the mindless action that has plagued the genre in the past. Like Buster Keaton and the other great silent comedians, Jackie Chan has relied upon the universal language of physical comedy to transcend the barriers of the spoken word. That is why the Hong Kong based Jackie Chan has become an international superstar, with legions of fans all over the world. Rush Hour fits the action genre because it has excellent fighting action scenes and a typical super hero against a whole mob. In Rush Hour, Jackie Chan comes back to the action genre, but brings a sidekick along for the ride. No, not some Chinese action star like Jet Li (Lethal Weapon 4) who provides two lines of dialogue and mindless kicks and punches. This co-star is one of the loudest and fastest talking on the silver screen today: Chris Tucker. Tucker is a unique choice to co-star in the comedy-action genres, which adds the thrill. Tucker's fast-talking and quick humor sharply contrasts Chan's usual dull style. On the other hand, Jackie Chans presence has the ability to reign in Chris Tucker's comedic excesses and preventing him from taking things too far over the top. Jackie Chan portrays Detective Inspector Lee of Hong Kong, who comes to America at the behalf of an old friend who just happens to be the Chinese Consul. The Consul requests that Inspector Lee aid the FBI in locating his kidnapped daughter. However, the FBI does not want any foreign interference with their inve...

Hidden Valley Resort Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hidden Valley Resort - Research Paper Example Hidden Valley Resorts are known for the eco-friendly environment that they serve. This report aims at discussing the current marketing situation of the company and also aims at developing a few opportunities for the company. An analysis of the internal as well as the external environment of the company has been made which permits a chance to draw out the opportunities and to study the viability of the opportunities. The report will set down two to three opportunities for the company which can be used to help develop the current market condition. These will be accessed financially and the details like the changes that might occur within the operations of the company will also be discussed. The next section will provide a brief overview of the company and a high-level image of the operations will be discussed. Hidden Valley resorts are a renowned resort located about one and half hours Northwest of Townville in the Paluma range in Queensland. The location of the resorts has untouched nature at its best and there is a wide range of natural species of birds, butterflies, wallabies and also other nocturnal animals. The cabins are known for the carbon Neutral Resort and the operations are based completely on green working. The company operates completely on solar power and as explained on the website of the company, â€Å"... with the help of our friends at Climate Friendly we purchased carbon credits to offset the greenhouse gases we emit into the atmosphere and are now CLIMATE NEUTRAL†. The resort was introduced in 1982. The main focus of the resort then was to cater to the needs of the timber cutters, tin miners and the graziers. The resort has been owned and operated over the last 24 years by Ian and Bonnie McLennan and has been developed over the years to improve and become better.

The differences between Eudicots and Monocots plants Coursework

The differences between Eudicots and Monocots plants - Coursework Example The author has rightly presented that every plant has two main systems a root system and a shoot system, a root system consists of roots and branch roots and the shoot system contains stem, branches, and leaves. Roots are responsible for providing the plant with water and other minerals contained in the soil. It also anchors the plants and holds the plant to the ground. The stem has the responsibility to transport water minerals from roots to the leaves and branches and food and oxygen from leaves to other parts. Leaves carry the responsibility of making food for the plants through the process of photosynthesis. The plant can make its food by itself combining carbon-dioxide and sunlight by the process of photosynthesis. The vegetative parts of a plant are root, stem, and leaves but flowers, fruits, and seeds are its reproductive organs. Flowering plants produce seeds of two basic types, monocots, and Eudicots. There are many differences between the Monocots and Eudicots. In monocots, there is only one cotyledon in the seed but in Eudicot plants, the seed has two cotyledons. In monocot plants, the root xylem and phloem are distributed in a ring while in Eudicots root phloem is the xylem. In monocots, the vascular tissues are there on the stem in a scattered form but Eudicots have its vascular tissues distinctly arranged. Leaves veins in monocot plants are formed in a parallel pattern while Eudicots have a leave veins in a net shape.

Do Mergers and Acquisitions Fulfil Desired Objective?

Do Mergers and Acquisitions Fulfil Desired Objective? Do Mergers And Acquisitions Fulfil Their Desired Objective? And How People Are Affected By the Result of These Mergers? Dissertation Table of Contents CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Restructuring of a firm has become a major area in the financial and economic environment all over the world. A company may grow internally, or externally. The aim of the management is to maximize the profit. Most firms grow through internally which take place when firm’s existing divisions grow through normal capital budgeting activities.(S.Vanitha 2007) The industrial restructuring has raised important issues both for the business and for public moreover merger and acquisitions may be critical to the strong expansion of business firms as they evolve through successive stages of growth and development and most important for new product markets by a firm may require M and As at some stages in the firm’s development . The successful competition in international markets may depend on capabilities obtained in a timely and competent fashion through M As. (M Selvam 2007) Merger and acquisitions continues to experience dramatic growth. Record breaking mega mergers have become popular in the world. In the last ten years and onwards some of the largest mergers and acquisitions took place in Europe. This was underscore by the fact that the largest deal of all time was a hostile acquisition of a German company by a British firm.(Beena P.L 2000) Since the start of twenty first century the nature of merger and acquisition even more common in the economical growth. It becomes even more global especially in Asia, Latin and South America. Over the past quarter of the century we have noticed that merger waves have become longer and more frequent in between shrunken as well when these trends combined with the fact that MA has rapidly spread across the modern world, we see that the field is increasingly becoming as ever more important part of the worlds of corporate finance and corporate strategy. (Canagavally , R.2000) Merger and acquisitions are plays very important part in corporate strategy. They are the interesting and controversial tools if the firm do not want to grow internally by capital investment and it can affect the shareholders wealth of both the firms (Legare.1998). The management of the target companies is worried about their jobs that can be affected; the cost reduction strategies consists of reduction in labour force (Gould, 1998) the strategies at both local and national levels are important and concerned at transactions in their industries. e.g (defence utilities etc.) Customers and suppliers are interested , as they want to know who they will be dealing with in the future (Buono. 2003). All the big deals are therefore reported in the media, receive a large coverage, and get the attention of the public as well. People are very important part of any organization but due to the increasing numbers of mergers between the companies they are largely affected and most of them get caught up in a merger or acquisition-by chance, Many of the people after working four –to five years period are losing their jobs and facing severe reductions in status and responsibility and, in general, being confronted with major questions about their careers, As a result , at times we are unsure whether our own feelings about what is happening to these individuals are biasing our interpretation of what is going on. In this project the writer going to research on mergers between the professional services firms. According to Steven et al (2000) mergers and acquisitions decisions that are undertaken based on financial analysis, influence and legal positions , However , it has been proved by a number of researchers that factors like informal power, low productivity , poor quality , reduced commitment , hidden costs and voluntary turnover prevent the combined banks from reaching expected performance levels (Legare 1998). This is the reason that many companies face difficulties then they pass through their post-integration processes (Buono 2003) According to Catwright Cary (1995) that mergers and acquisitions should be seen like marriages where both parties will is very important for the success of new entity. At the time two different companies decide to come together as a result of MA activity, then the levels of instability in the macro and micro environment of both companies is challenged. So it is therefore been recommended that companies should chose the most appropriate merger and acquisition process and strategy. However Buono (2003) has suggest that each possibility has its own strengths and weaknesses and therefore context of MS and its main objectives play important role. Cartwright and Cooper has pointed out that MA depends upon combination of related functions like integration of people, systems, practices and culture. The critical review of the literature has recommended that most of research has been focused at studying single characteristics of MA in isolation. Moreover the dynamics of MA variables that impact on success and failures ratio has not been undertaken in the literature and there is a gap for research. This study will be focus to explore the major drivers and variables and their effect on the success of merger and acquisitions across industries from a corporate strategic perspective. 1.2 Rationale behind Research: Mergers and acquisitions is one of the common strategies in today’s business world. Gould (1998) has conducted a survey involving 12000 managers from different countries and according to the result of his survey more then 1000 companies were involved in acquisitions or a merger in two years between 1995 and 1997.moreover merger and acquisitions has become the leading strategic options. However, the performance of the combined companies has been lower than expected. According to Buono (2003) the basic drivers of MA only involved in financial, operational and strategic aims and objectives. So therefore my main area of focus of this research is to explore the major drivers and variables and their effect on the success of merger and acquisitions across industries from a corporate strategic perspective. 1.3 Aims and Objectives: The basic aim of this project is to understand whether mergers and acquisitions always fulfil desired objective. The aims specific areas are as follows. To explore the major variables that impact on the success of merger and acquisition different industries from a corporate strategic perspective To explore the corporate strategy in achieving desired results from MA activities To evaluate the impact of the mergers on an employees and examining the programmes for dealing with separation anxiety for employees. 1.4 Dissertation Structure: The official Structure of the dissertations is being applied which is provided by the university and analysis has been done which suit the theme and the objectives of the research. The structure of this report is summarized as follows: Chapter 1 Introduction of the research topic and lays the basis for the rationale of selection of the theme under scrutiny. It introduces the effect of MA on business and effects that they expected. The chapter also summarizes the rationale for selection of topic and states the aim and objectives of this research. Chapter 2 Consists of review of the literature that has been produced in the domain of mergers and acquisitions and their desired effects for companies. It has highlighted some of the highly respected literature in the field of aims and objectives of this research. Chapter 3 Provide the methodology and strategy adopted by the researcher to undertake this research. It points out the strength and weaknesses of using different data collection mechanisms and has shown how they fit in the larger context of aims and objectives of this research. Chapter 4 very important chapter consists of analysis and findings regarding the importance of strategic alignment within a merger or an acquisition activity with the help of a range of case studies. The chapter developed recommendations for companies under the light of macro indicators, theories and qualitative data gathered through this research. Chapter 5 provides a comprehensive conclusion from this research and gives a list of recommendations for companies that can be drawn from this focused research. Chapter 2: Literature Review In this chapter an attempt has been made to briefly review the research already undertaken and methodology employed moreover the study has been produced in the domain of aims and objective of the project and it has been divided into number of different sections so that reader understand with ease. 2.1 Overview: Concept of Merger and Acquisition: Over the last few years different companies have engaged in domestic and international mergers and acquisitions to match the macroeconomic trends operating on a worldwide scale in the market place. Up till now the ultimate success of a company’s global strategy may depend on how well it manages the dangerous human resource â€Å"fit† issue associated with strategic customer cantered decisions and strategies. The literature presents the understanding and resolving interpersonal management issues that result from organization, team, and individual misalignments. An actual merger and acquisition integration project is used to discuss the application of this approach (Thomas L. Legare in his paper â€Å"Understanding and Managing Human Resource Integration Issue†) M A defined by Arnold (2002) as â€Å"combination of two firms of roughly equal size on roughly equal terms and in which the shareholders remain as joint owners† M A activities in late 20th century: In 1960’s Mergers and acquisitions first became an important topic within the organization management meetings. It is usual to consider merger and acquisition in terms of the extent to which the activities of the acquired organization are related to those of the acquirer. The most common classification proposes four main types (Walter 1985; Hovers, 1973; Kitching ,1967). These being: 1- Vertical The process in which two organizations combined within the same industry. 2- Horizontal The process in which two similar organizations combined within the same industry 3- Conglomerate In this process acquired organization is in completely different field of business activity 4 Concentric In this process the acquired organization is in a different but related field in to which the acquiring company merge its business. According to Schweiger and Ivancevice, 1987 mergers and acquisitions can be considered to differ in terms of Motive and transactional type The envisaged degree of integration Common objectives behind M Activity According to Napier (1989), in a review of the literature, draws the distinction between financial or value maximizing motives, and managerial or non value maximizing motives. Mergers known as financial or value maximizing motives when the main objective is to increase the profit and decrease the risk involved in business moreover non value maximizing motives relate to merges which occur primarily for other strategic reasons ( Halpern, 1983). Moreover according to handy (1993) creation of shareholder’s value is the underlying aim behind any MA activity. However , there is a range of strategies involve to improve financial performances and consequently increase shareholder’s value. According to Marks, (1988b). There is lots of risk involved in activity like Mergers and acquisitions involving the collective annual investment of billions of pounds and affecting the working lives of millions of employees. It has been recommended in future that 50 to 80 percent of all mergers are considered to be financially unsuccessful (Marks 1988b), most probably in financial return, represent ‘at best an each way bet’ (Lorenz, 1986) The popularity of Merger and acquisitions is still strong despite of the fact that it has been frequently fail to achieve the financial growth (Hovers 1973 Farrent 1970; Jemison and Sitkin, 1986). Indeed there is lots of evidence that Britain and the USA are currently experiencing an unprecedented wave of merger activity (Morgan, 1988; Hughes, 1989). In the last 10 years , there have been over 23000 registered acquisitions in the USA , and before the end of this decade one in four of the Us workforce will have been affected by merger activity ( Fulmer, 1986) with the approach of 1992 , a similar trend is predicted for Europe. The Merger and acquisition is facilitated by number of factors. Market Conditions Market conditions are changing day by day and in this environment there is a need to consolidate or capture new market so strategic mergers and acquisitions become more attractive and expedient alternative response to the setting up new outlets, and at the same time provide a tool to finish the competition ( Meeks , 1977) Increasing Availability of Capital Mergers and acquisitions activities has been increased because the organization and financial institution may need of capital from outside countries because of low interest rate. More companies for sale. There are lots of companies come in to the market because of number of reasons like successful entrepreneurs of the post war years reach retirement age , because of families issues and there is not natural successor within the family. The Easing of Regulations. According to McManus Hergert, 1988. Gartrell Yantek suggested that acquisition activity is related to political climate in that right of centre administration stimulate activity. The Need to share Risk Mergers and acquisitions is very important if u need to share risk like new product development often results in the formation of joint ventures , mergers and other types of strategic alliance. The existence of complex Indivisible Problems All of these can be considered to be logical economic and marketing factors, which make possible the decisions to acquire, These conditions , particularly the need to share risk and problems solving, have also contributing to the increasing trend towards the formation of joint ventures and Mergers (Harrigan, 1988) (vii) Unrecognized Psychological Motives According to Levinson (1970) suggests one such motive to be fear of risk McManus and Hergest (1988) suggest that the decisions happens when ‘CEO is bored and wants to find a new game to play’ or to create some excitement amongst senior managers (Hunt, 1988) 2.2 Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions Merger and Acquisitions have the prime aim to maximise the firm’s profit and shareholders wealth like any other strategic growth option, but there has been a risk of failure so the debate in the literature among theorists and practitioners as to the real strength of the strategy in creating shareholder’s value worth the risk of failure. The review literature that surrounds different prospects like shareholders, acquirer , targets has been studied on short , medium and long term value creation through the MA activity . The following different categories of studies can be highlighted. Affect of MA Activities on People The Human Side of Mergers and Acquisitions is about to impact that mergers and acquisitions have on people in the workplace: the psychological difficulties that people experience, the culture clashes that can emerge in organizations that can emerge in organizations during the post –merger integration period, and the ways in which these problems can manifest themselves –such as communication breakdowns a â€Å"We-they† mentality between the component organizations in a merger, lowered commitment , drops in productivity , organizational power struggles and office politicking , and loss of key organizational members. We adopt primarily and organization development (OD) perspective on mergers and acquisitions: given the myriad problems (Thomas L Legare) The Existing evidence on the effects of mergers and acquisitions on efficiency or value comes from two basic types of large sample studies: event studies and performance studies Event studies consider the returns to the shareholders of targets and acquirers in the days before and after an acquisition announcement .These studies consistently find that the combined returns to acquirer and target stockholders are unequivocally positive .These positive returns imply that the market anticipates that acquisitions on average will create value. These studies and reactions do not, however, provide insight into the sources of the value changes in mergers or whether the expectations of value changes are ultimately realized. Furthermore, the combined returns cover a broad range of responses from very positive to very negative. Cross sectional analyses of event period returns provide some evidence that the broad range of combined announcement period returns reflects the market’s ability to forecast an acquisitions success. For example both Mitchell and Lehn (1990) and Kaplan and weisbach (1992) find the there is a relation between (1) acquirer and combined returns and (2) the ultimate outcome of the acquisition. Other studies examine a number of different determinants of the cross-sectional variation in returns associated with acquisitions. (see e.g Lang , Stulz, and Walkling 1991 . Maloney , McCormick , and Mitchell 1993; morock, Shliefer , and Vishny 1990)These Cross-Sectional analyses of event –period returns provide some understanding of the nature of the market reaction to acquisition announcements.They do not , however , examine whether the anticipated value creation or improved productivity materializes, Nor do they have a great deal to say about the organizational mechanisms and manage ment practices that drive acquisition success or failure. Studies of post merger performance attempt to measure the longer-term implications of mergers and acquisitions using both accounting and stock return data. Studies of accounting data fail to find consistent evidence of improved performance or productivity gains. (see e.g, Healy , Palepu, and Ruback 1992 and Ravenscraft and Scherer 1987) similarly , studies that focus on acquirers long term stock performance find mixed results abnormally negative stock returns after the acquisition ( agraqwal , Jaffe, and Mandelker 1992), no abnormal returns (franks , Harris , and Titman 1991) and negative abnormal returns only for stock mergers (Mitchell and Stafford 1996) Like the announcement period event studies, longer term performance and event studies document substantial cross sectional variation in performance , but do not study the sources of value changes in mergers and acquisitions. In sum , there are a number of questions that the existing economics and finance literature on mergers and acquisitions leaves unanswered , Existing work provides mixed results on the average impact of mergers and acquisitions More importantly , existing work offers little insight into the determinants of an acquisitions success or failures. Research on the basis of Capital Market Capital market is one of the research category used as central information point. According to Healey (1992), the stock market data reflects the effects of MA as it reflects future profits and dividends expected by the post integration entity moreover these researchers believe that the result has been found swayed by the researcher’s personal orientation an hypothesis. It is been analyse that majority among studies that have been covered lower then desired effects created through analyses based on capital market data. Event Study Methodology According to data et al (1992) have indicated that these studies are based on the hypothesis that markets across the industrialized world are highly well-organized and therefore soon after the MAn announcement moreover it depends on the future financial benefits or losses. The result of such studies have highlighted the majority of MA activities do create affects that can range from significant to normal (Sudarsanam 2003) but the people working along with the field and many other critics have argued that the methodology is only affective for small projects to obtain the desired affects and does not represent long term desired affects in the medium to long term. Short Run Objectives: A large number of organizations plan for financial gains within a short period of time when the merger date is finalized they are looking to achieve this objective, 30% and 10% abnormal returns have been found for the target shareholders Sudarsanam et al (1996) Long Run Objectives According to Agarwar (1992) the organizations long term desired affect through MA activity that has gained an increasing interests among researchers after the data is available for the last wave of MA in the 1990’s. There has been a mixture of results as- 10% abnormal returns over 5 years MA periods; Fama French (1993) showed positive 9% abnormal returns for the acquired and negative -4% abnormal returns for the acquirer; and sudarsanam Mahate 2003 showed a range of negative -18% to positive+1% abnormal returns in MA situation. Although it has been found out that many of these studies have used different models, benchmarks and organizational data, but there is a general consensus that MA abnormal desired affects in the long term. Operational Planning Research: The best way to analyse the affect of MA activity is to study the operational performance of the firms involved. The operational data consists of accounting data like cash flow and profit and loss statement are used by such studies (Healey 1992) Herman and Lowenstein (1988) used these technique on data gathered during 1975 to 1983 and found that no significant improvements in the performance of post MA entities. Healey et al (1992) found a meagre 3% operational performance among companies analyzed. However the same data was later analyzed under improved methods and found no operational performance. The results show large number of failures in creating substantial desired affects through operational analysis. Recent Merger and Acquisitions trends In the above table shows the recent trends in the field, let us being with our full dissertation of the subject of MA. This will be begin with a discussion of the basic terminology used in the field. 2.3 MAJOR STRATEGIC ISSUES: According to Cartwright and Cooper (1995) in order to get the desired objective during the MA activity the internal environment of firms should be synchronized. It can therefore recommend that integration of people, their systems, procedures, practice and organizational culture is extremely important in order to get the desired objective. Mr David (2007) suggest that the internal aspects of firms that are going to merge can be divided into two core competencies that can help to minimize the factors involved the failure of MA strategies. These core competencies lie in the field of corporate strategy which usually lack coordination during MA activities. The main limiting aspects of MA in terms of strategic importance that can play a vital role by using their core competencies have been highlighted as follows Organizational culture The cultural differences is the single largest cause of lack of proposed performance, achieving the desired target and objective and time consuming issues in the running of successful business ( Bijilsma frankema , 2001) according to him culture plays a important part in employees motivation in the development to new business he says that cultural clash is the most dangerous factors when two companies decide to combine moreover the things like styles , values and missions is the part of factor influencing the MA. According to (Covin et al, 1997) the employees required five to seven years after the merger to feel truly incorporated. Due to the multitude of these changes many problems arises like loss of job, also financial debt and fears of jobless.(Mirvis and Marks 1992) moreover he says that after merger the new team is also distressing and anxiety for the people other fear include the loss of effective and close team members, as well as the uncertainty about the new team members and supervisors to be inherited the employees when forced to deal with new team members and managers they may develop fears of taking risks and raising sensitive subject. This may adopt us verses them thinking, where trust for the new team members will be minimal (Mirvis and Marks, 1992).Management facing this kind of behaviour may have to pay the high price of loss of coordination and initiative among the employees of the new business combination. Moreover the issues and disagreement will be more difficult to resolve, so the time after the merger is the most difficult time for the management and new team members to move forward as a whole. Appelbaum etal, (2000) Stress According to (Datta et al , 1992) the process of merger and acquisitions consists of biggest change at the individual and organizational level in the history of organizations because of this the process is stressful. When one culture combines with another the employees feel as through they have lost control over important aspects of their loves, and in an attempt to regain control, they often withdraw. So it creates stress within individual , i.e reduced performance and job satisfaction . ( Berger and Ofec 1996) According to Schweiger Denisi (1991) the employees after the MA go through a time of increased anxiety uncertainty and stress. They are concerned about their new position it will create more stress in them so communication plays the vital role during the merger so that employees know what is going on and how they might be affected during and after the post integration period. Thus it can be suggested that while negotiations have been compared to flirting before marriages , and the closing of the deals to forming a new family , employees reaction can be associated with â€Å"bereavement† (Katinka , 2004) Organizational change and resistance Changes after merger announcement like stress, symptoms, work related factors, health status, and lifestyle. Personal characteristics were composed of age, sex, height, weight, and marital status in both surveys. Moreover stress related symptoms like anxiety, impatience and depression were dichotomized by either having a complaint or not so following a MA , a complex set of organizational , managerial and personal changes or inevitable. Jensen Rubock (1983) claim that in order to cope with the changes and resist with the changes there is a way to select a strategy and a set of specific approaches for implementing an organizational change effort. It is very important for managers to implement changes successfully in order to cope with the changes. The researchers have introduced six different strategies in order resist the changes after the merger and four major reasons why peoples resist changes. Image, Identity and confidence According to (Ravenscraft and Scherer 1988) image , identity and confidence of the human resource may reduced after the combination process it has been send that most of the employees will feel uncertain and will need some relaxation environment . It can be recommended that the peoples effected by this process can prove dangerous for the management they can change the ownership moreover the employees who are affected by the process tend to protect their identity and confidence through tolerance and humble and hence they try to maintain their status and confidence with experience that they are the part of new entity, if the cultural factor is not adequately taken into account at this stage of the merger , there will be so less time to contain it after the merger. Weston et al (2001) discuss the fear and stress associated with a merger. Schwert (1996) argue that when the objectives after the merger are not met , the managing teams of both companies are the employees of the acquired company enter a â€Å"cycle of escalating and distrust†. In other words, managers of the acquiring company press for increased control, while employees of the acquired company resist and demand their autonomy. Others view mergers and acquisitions as power games , which create some excitement fro bored CEOs. Communication Tompkins (1984) defined organizational communication as â€Å"the study of sending and receiving messages that create and maintain a system of deliberately corresponding activities or forces of two or more persons† Organizational communication is the exchange of messages through collective creation maintenance and transformation of organizational meaning. Members develop commonly understood patterns of expectations of organizational action through communication. Moreover communication with the employees is a very important factor throughout the entire MA process and creates a positive effect on employees through the trying time. According to John et al (1999) that communication plays a vital role in the combination of different and various cultures. The cultures can be at conflicting ends and therefore should be understood by the top management during integration period moreover according to Richard et al (1999) the human resource department should plan for the change in organization and they should know before this process that what going to happen with the company when two cultures combine as the result of merger. So in the process of merger only decision is not enough but the proper communication of these decisions among the company is very important moreover management works horizontally and vertically through leadership, control and organization.(Sudarsanam and Mahate, 2003) FLOW OF CASH Despite of the fact that many people loss their job in the process but the same time high rate of voluntary turnover linked with the process moreover it includes substantial outflow of talent and expertise. According to Ravenscraft and scherer, 1988) report executive turnover rates as high as 75% in the first three years of post acquisition period. Unplanned personnel losses are not necessarily confined to the more senior levels of the organization. Typically, acquired or merged organizations experience on overall rate of staff turnover of at lest 30% in the first two years post merger period (Cartwright and Cooper 1995) 2.4 Success and Failures A large number of mergers and acquisitions are unsuccessful .Over the last fifteen years, 23% of all merged firms worldwide reported lower profits than comparable non-merged firms (Gugler et al.(13)) Daimler Chrysler, the effect of the largest industrial merger ever, for example , has only posted low or negative profits since its birth in 1998-including the biggest loss in German business history in 2001. The disappointing results of mergers have been puzzling commentators and academics alike. In the management literature, poor merger performance has often been connected to unsuccessful addition of different corporate cultures. Cultural differences, however, are not enough to explain failures. First, firms seem to be aware of organisational difficulties when taking merger decisions. DaimlerChrysler, for example, anticipated post –merger Challenges. Second, mergers between partners with closer corporate cultures sometimes perform worse ( Morosini et

Week One Assignment

Victoria Beaver Advertising Principles MANAMA August 30, 2014 Professor Phil Shapes 1 . What is Wall-Mart doing with its latest campaign? What are the difficulties involved in such an effort? Wall-Mart has faced several lawsuits in the past that claimed female employees faced discrimination in pay and promotions. The company has also had to face rumors that imply low wages, inadequate benefits, environmental damage, and harm to local economies.To counteract this criticism, Wall-Mart started a campaign saying their employees are paid a wage that is substantially higher than federal law required, and included employee statements and testimonials. They arranged press conferences, and used the slogan â€Å"Wall-Mart speaks for employees. † Some of the difficulties they faced were that it was more costly, time consuming, and would probably be met with skepticism. 2. A recent Advertising Age article noted that Wall-Mart customers are less likely to read newspapers and more likely to watch television than the population as a whole.Why, then, did Wall-Mart choose newspapers for its new campaign? Wall-Mart chose to use print advertising in newspapers to help this particular campaign stand out. If they had used television media, they could have faced less control over who saw it, and when they saw it. By using the newspaper, Wall-Mart was able to send out a specific message. It was also tangible advertising that consumers could hold onto if they chose, such as the letter from the CEO Lee Scott, in which he stated, â€Å"†¦ When special-interest groups and critics spread misinformation about Wall- Mart, the public deserves to hear the truth†¦ Everyone is entitled to their own pinions about our company, but they are not entitled to make up their own facts. † 3. Analyze this Wall-Mart campaign and explain its purpose, referring to the discussion in this chapter of the roles and functions of advertising. What is the primary purpose? Do you think it wi ll be effective at accomplishing that purpose? Wall-Mart's purpose with this campaign was to remove the misconception about the company, and promote a relationship between the employees and the consumers.Wall-Mart communicated directly with consumers via the letter from the CEO and the employee statements and testimonials. They used complementing public relations ads in select cities through press conferences with employees. Wall-Mart wanted to provide a positive message to consumer's to try and protect their brand image. By promoting their employees instead of their goods, Wall-Mart took a unique stance, and therefore stood out. If nothing else, this would have made the company memorable to consumers. References Gauguin, T. , Allen, C. , & Semen's, R. (2012). Advertising and Integrated Brand Promotion(6th deed. ).

Oliver Stone’s Alexander and it’s Accuracy in portraying Alexander the Great Essay

The 2004 film Alexander, directed by Oliver Stone, depicts the life of Alexander the Great. This essay will discuss the accuracy of Oliver Stone’s artistic vision in this depiction of Alexander’s life and achievements. The discussion will focus on: Alexander’s 7 year campaign, particularly its battles; his relationship with others, including his sexuality within the film; and the legacy Alexander and his armies left on the world. Historically, there are many omissions within Oliver Stone’s Alexander, however, the majority of these are accounted for through Stone’s artistic vision. Many minor campaigns during the 7 year period were completely left out, and only two battles were shown throughout the movie. Within these two battles, many major components of other battles were in some way conflated so as to equate to having experienced those battles as well, since if Stone were to include every battle, not only would the film be far longer than its current form, but it would also have required a much larger budget. This absence of battles is the major inaccuracy in Stone’s Alexander. Whilst Stone only conveys two battles in the movie, history conveys that Alexander participated in a vast quantity of battles, pitched battles as well as sieges, throughout the 7 year march. Stone choice in depicting only these two battles of the many others was through his aim to convey the key points of Alexanders major campaigns in a condensed form as possible. Whilst the battles themselves were inaccurate, many of these inaccuracies were choices of Stone’s. The main inaccuracy for the the Battle of Gaugemela, the first battle depicted in Alexander, is the Persian army itself. Alexander shows them as a disorganised rabble, when, historically, the Persians would have been exceedingly well organised. Members of the Persian army would have had uniforms, rather than the variable clothing they wore, and musicians would play so that the army would march in rank. Conversely, many of the events before, during and after the battle were accurate. For example, before the battle, the night before in the tent where Alexander converses with his generals, he is urged to make a night attack and steal a victory: Alexander, if we must fight, do so with stealth. Use your numbers well; we should attack tonight when they least expect us†. Alexander refuses. This conversation is accurate in at least it’s meaning, as is recorded by Arrian: â€Å"It is said that Parmenio came to him in his tent, and urged him to make a night attack on the Persians†¦ but the reply which he made to him†¦ was that it would be mean to steal a victory† (Arrian, Book 3, Section 10). The conversation is as such a recorded event, and though Stone changed dialogues, the meaning behind each is the same. The major inaccuracy in the Battle of Hydaspes, the second battle, is that it takes place in a jungled terrain, fighting the people of India. In historical fact, the Battle of Hydaspes occurred on a open plain. Stone is said to have chosen the location of the battle to be in a forest as a contrast to the Battle of Gaugemela, which also occurred on a plain. Arrian records the battle to have taken place near the river Hydaspes, with Alexander making a secret crossing in the night, however Alexander makes no mention of the crossing, or even of the existence of the river. Arrian also mentions that the the forces from both armies were split, but the film shows no evidence of this. A second inaccuracy was the conflict between the leader of the Indian army and Alexander. According to reports by Arrian, Alexander never confronted nor charged the king of the Indians as is shown in the film, but instead treated him with dignity and honour, eventually giving him the rule over a large territory. Nor did Bucephalus die from the major wound as shown in Alexander, but from old age and minor wounds he sustained throughout his life. The film shows Alexander charging the king, and Buchephalus saving his master’s life at the cost of his own. This was most likely done as a method to increase the dramatic effect of the scene, but also as a method of including another major battle in Alexander’s timeline, the siege of Malli. Within the battles depicted in Alexander, Stone directed minor changes in the factuality of battle events. For example, he depicts Alexander being gravely wounded in the Battle of Hydaspes. This grave wounding of Alexander occurred later, at the siege of Malli. This event is combined into the Battle of Hydaspes to portray more of Alexander’s history, and those knowledgeable of it could notice and appreciate this and other acknowledgements of history even though they aren’t accurate. Apart from the battles, there were other events of history or legend in Alexander’s life which are not represented. For example, the Gordian knot. This well known legend of Alexander slicing open the untie-able knot with his sword and its linked prophecy of ruling Asia is not included. This may be because the truth is not known of the event, whether Alexander cut it, pulled apart what it was tied to and then untying it or whether it existed at all, although there is evidence that it existed. Apart from these events not included or merely conflated there are portion of Alexander in which the way Alexander is depicted historically, or not as the case may be. To the points where it was inaccurate, Alexander is scripted throughout his speeches to encourage his men in their campaign to conquer the world. These scripts lead to him being given a purpose behind the campaign, that of a â€Å"brotherhood of man†. Historically, there is no evidence to this. Alexander was known to merely have conquered because he could, â€Å"a brilliant commander traveling an endless path of conquest† (Eugene N. Borza, Movie Commentary: Alexander, page 4). The personality of Alexander is almost completely unknown, and as historians we are unable to characterise what made him the charismatic leader capable of leading his armies on his 7 year march. Another aspect of Alexander’s personality was his relationships with individuals. The film shows intense relationships with his mother and father, as well as childhood friend Hephaistion. Alexander’s relationship with his mother and father both vary throughout the film, but focus mostly on pleasing his mother and either avenging or surpassing his father. During his early life, Alexander is shown very close to his mother, with her urging him on to succeed and whispering propaganda in his ear against his father, while Alexander is taught to be a leader through the actions of his father. Later on, he grows separate from both, however influenced by them tremendously. For example, when Philip dies, Alexander falls into a rage, even though he had fallen out recently with his father in a drink influenced conflict, and it embitters him against his mother, this bitterness continuing into the film. Further, in developing the relationship with Hephaistion, Stone also spends a lot of time enforcing the point that Alexander is bi-sexual, through the homoerotic subtext, though this was not limited to Hephaistion but incorporated others within the film. Whilst this may have been the case in history, as in Ancient Greece sexuality was merely a matter of course, and you were either sexual or you weren’t, without vastly distinguishing between the genders, Stone pushes the limits of this concept in order to outline a known part of Alexanders life. It is known that Alexander had at least two male physical relationships, and this may have pushed Stone into depicting the sexuality of Alexander, though in contrast to the homosexual relationships, Alexander’s relationship with his first wife Roxanne was inaccurate and over-zealous. Roxanne, his first wife, is historically known as a devoted wife and mother, rather than as the character displayed in Alexander (Eugene N. Borza, Movie Commentary: Alexander, page 3). In all, Oliver Stone’s depiction of Alexander in his film Alexander has both accuracy and inaccuracy. The major inaccuracies was the events, or lack thereof, as Oliver Stone either chose not to or was not able to include them, whilst the main accuracies of the film were the inclusion of key points in Alexander’s life and relationships. Alexander shows some of Alexander and his armies impact on the world, and it is a well researched attempt at conveying the incredible life of Alexander the Great accurately.