Dream job specification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dream job specification - Essay Example The must allow flexible working hour so that the employees may easily maintain the balance in their professional and personal life. The employees must be granted vacation days, which they must ask for without any reprimand. Design compensation and benefits package related to your dream job. My dream job must provide me with different compensations and benefits. The salary must be enough to pay back my student loan and to fulfill all the basic, social and self esteem needs of my life. The firm must also give accommodation as well as transport facility to all its employees. The compensation packages must include other firm investment in the retirement funds for all the employees. The organization must provide Health care benefits for the employees and their family. The organization must finance an annual vacation of the employees along with limited number of family members, to the location of their choice. This would give a break to the employees from all the business activities and th ey would relax their mind. The organization must also offer the productive employees compensation according to the level of their productivity this would help to foster the growth of an organization. The employee must also be given share in the profit of the organization according to their level of performance; this would encourage the employees to be more productive and would contribute towards the profitability of the organization. Rationalize your compensation and benefits package. Be sure to indicate the research and considerations that went into the design of the compensation and benefits package. Employees’ compensation does not only include the salary of the employees but all the extra rewards and benefits that employees get while working with the... The essay makes sure you rationalize your compensation and benefits package. Be sure to indicate the research and considerations that went into the design of the compensation and benefits package. Employees’ compensation does not only include the salary of the employees but all the extra rewards and benefits that employees get while working with the organization. It is the responsibility of every organization to design benefits and compensation packages for their employees. When an organization has a balanced set of salary, wages, benefits and compensation, so they remain competitive in the respective industry they are operating in. Then the essay makes you imagine this is the only position of its kind in the organization. As an architect there are various factors that may affect my performance in the organization. It is the responsibility of the human resource manager to observe, the external factors that are affecting the performance of the employees. There are several facto rs that may be held responsible for affecting my performance in an organization; these factors may be; dissatisfaction in the working environment, work overload, etc. In the conclution, the essay makes you rationalize your performance appraisal program. Be sure to indicate the research and considerations that went into the design of the performance appraisal program. Performance appraisal is an important aspect of HRM. Performance appraisal is of great importance in the theoretical studies as well as in the practical life.

History of the KKK and their influence in society Research Paper

History of the KKK and their influence in society - Research Paper Example The history of KKK can be broadly divided into three: first, second and third. To be specific, the first Klan can be connected with its origin, the second with its growth/development and the third with its decline. As pointed out, the first Klan can be considered as the origin of KKK in America. For instance, the first Klan was formed in the year 1865 in Tennessee. The retired hands from the Confederate Army were the members who established KKK as a terrorist organization to fight against the freemen. But Bullard (1996), states that â€Å"By the mid 1870s, white Southerners didn’t need the Klan as much as before because they had by that time retaken control of most southern state governments†. The name of this organization originates from Greek language, meaning ‘group or circle of brothers’. The organizational structure of the first Klan was not based upon centralization or decentralization of power because there were a number of groups based upon the same ideology of racism. During this period, the Southern states within America were deeply influenced by the first Klan. In addition, the leaders and members began to target the black population in the southern states. The people who were in favor of racial equality were treated cruelly or murdered by the Klan members. But the Force Acts passed by the authorities in 1870 and the following year were helpful to limit the anti-social deeds initiated by the Klan. In short, the first Klan can be considered as the crude form of KKK, which spread the message of racial supremacy among the people in America. The second Klan: 1915–1944 The formation of the second Klan was in Georgia, in the year 1915. So, this year can be considered as the benchmark of the growth and development of Klan as a racist organization. But Laqueur ( 1977), opines that â€Å"The Second Klan (ca. 1915- 1944) also stood for white supremacy, but at the same time it campaigned for a great many other causes such as patriotism and attacked bootleggers, crapshooters and even wife-beaters† (p.10). Later in 1921, the leaders transformed the Klan from unorganized groups to well knit organization. For instance, the second Klan adopted an innovative system to recruit new members to the organization which accelerated its popularity among the majority. From a different angle of view, large scale immigration helped the Klan to spread its influence to the Western parts of America. Besides, more and more ideas were inculcated to the initial plan to spread racism. For instance, national politics and protest against the spread of communist ideology were connected to the Klan’s initial plan. To be specific, this change helped the Klan to have wide spread popularity among the people and violent activism became the most important mode o f protest. Gradually, the second Klan became more and more centralized. This was helpful to co-ordinate the

E Governance Research Paper

E Governance Research Paper E-governance means electronic governance. It is application of Information Technology in government functioning in order to have good and smart governance. Smart here refers to Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive and Transparent. This involves using information and communication technology by government agencies to have transparent dealings with different users. Thereare many reasons for which e governance is required. Some of them are as follows: (a) Information exchange with citizens, businesses or other government departments (b) Speedy way of doing work (c) Time and cost saving (d) Efficient delivery of public services (e) Improving internal controls (f) Increasing revenue (g) Re-structuring of administrative processes (h) Providing quality services Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has provided means for faster and better communication, quality services, efficient storage, effective work, processing of data and exchange and utilization of information to its users. It helps in providing better controls and increasing revenue. All individuals, groups, businesses, organizations or governments are benefited by the advantages of ICT. It is a faster, more accurate and simpler means of word-processing and is now being used as a tool for tabulating data which finally helps in decision making. With increasing awareness of using computers and internet many users are benefited and they are motivated to modify their ways of doing things in order to en-cash the advantages provided by ICT.This has led to re-engineering of business processes. The process of re-engineering helps in faster and better processing of information and thus a better decision making, greater reach and better utilization of resources .This helps in having overall good governance. In the case of citizens, it provides enhanced access to information and government agencies, efficient service delivery and transparency in dealings and also acts as an information tool to the government.With the increasing awareness among citizens about their rights their expectation has totally changed .Today they expect government agencies to be transparent in their dealings, accountable for its activities and faster in its responses. For this use of ICT helps in achieving good governance. The technologies used helps in achieving a wide range of objectives. There is equitableand faster development with a wider reach. Today Ethics in Governance, with the help of tools of modern technology such as Information and Communications Technology (ICT) should be used to transform the relationship of the government with its employees, citizens and businesses, and also between its own agencies. It has been recognised that e-Governance is the logical step with the use of ICT in systems of governance in order to ensure wider participation and deeper involvement of citizens, institutions, civil society groups and the private sector in the decision making process of governance. REQUISITES OF E GOVERNANCE For effective e governance the foremost requirement is that workplace has to be fully computerized.Computer is the mostImportant requirement for e governance.Computers should be connected so that online work is possible.There has to be some online work flow procedure. Government employees should be trained so that they can work on the software. The training is required so that they become user friendly with the software. Services should be fully accessible. It also insist in removing the paper based system and making everything computerized to increase the transparency of work and a speedy flow of work is possible. TYPES OF INTERACTIONS IN E GOVERNANCE G2G (Government to Government) In this case, there is interaction within government agencies to improve the efficiency and overall output. The interaction can be within a government organisation or between two government organisations. Information and Communications Technology helps not only to restructure the governmental processes involved in the functioning of government entities but also aids in increasing the flow of information and services within and between different entities. The interactions can be either vertical or horizontal. Horizontal i.e. between different government agencies as well as between different functional areas within an organisation and vertical i.e. between national, provincial and local government agencies .There is also interactions between different levels within an organisation. The primary objective of G2G is to increase efficiency, performance and output. May be horizontal or vertical Functioning of government agencies Increase in efficiency Improved performance Efficient output G2C (Government to Citizens) In this case, there is an interaction between government and citizen. A common platform is created between the government and citizens which enables the citizens to benefit from large range of public services. This provides the availability and accessibility of public services on the one hand and improves the quality of services on the other.Here is a two way communication model in which there are direct interactions between government and citizens involving transparent dealings between the parties. It gives citizens the choice of when to interact with thegovernment (e.g. 24 hours a day, 7 days a week), from where to interact with the government (e.g. service centre, unattended kiosk or from ones home/workplace) and how to interact with the government (e.g. through internet, fax, telephone, email, face-to-face, etc). The primary purpose is to make government, citizen-friendly. Acts as an interface between govt. and consumer Expands accessibility to public services Makes the government citizen friendly Ensure transparent dealings Examples of G2C Transactions: Online paying of bills Filing of FIR Licensing and registration Procurement and Bidding Tax and fee payments Citizen help desk Public Information network Search property assessment values Property tax payments Information about political processes and services E seva Exemplifies democracy Increased citizen participation Passport queries G2B (Government to Business) In this model there is interaction between government agency and business organisations. E-Governance tools are used to help the business community providers of goods and services interact with the government. The objective is to cut red tapism, save time, reduce operational costs, increase revenues and to create a more transparent business environment when dealing with the government. The G2Binitiatives can be transactional, such as in licensing, permits, procurement and revenue collection. Trade, tourism and investment opportunities can be effectively handled with e governance . These measures help to provide a suitable environment to businesses and thus enable them to perform more efficiently. E governance used to aid business community Saves time Reduces cost Transparent transaction deals Increase revenue Example: 1. Payment of taxes by business houses 2. Tender applications are transparent If any business house has applied for a brand name it can also be monitored online and status can easily be known. There can be transparent dealings in all tenders and different government works. G2E (Government to Employees) In this model there is an interaction between government organisation and employees. Employees can interact with the government in regular basis. The interaction can even be vertical where the employees can give feedback at the assurance of their name held anonymous. Today through e governance they can also have a look at their TDS and pay roll status. E governance provides them with a common platform to remove their queries and thus giving an effective performance. This interaction is a two-way process between the organisation and the employee. Use of ICT tools helps in making these interactions fast and efficient on the one hand and increase satisfaction levels of employees on the other. Facilitate government and employee communication Fast and Efficient Increases satisfaction of employees Synergy in work output Removal of bias Implementation of e governance in India Indian government has taken many initiatives in the field of IT for the desired implementation of e governance in India. The plan popularly known as the E governance action plan correctly portrays the long term growth action plan for India. Its successful implementation was seen during the period of 2003-2007. It provided both the citizen centric and the business centric governance all together at the local, state and the national level. It was a good kick start an many flaws were seen thereto such as suitable system for quickly motivating the states needs to be improved, a single window for providing services to the citizens should be implemented, whether and whenever possible outsourcing of services should be implemented for quicker growth perspectives, more efforts were required to stabilize and increase the public private partnerships, improved connectivity was required. Such flaws were thoroughly noted and improved thereon. Apart from the 2003-2007 action plans, many other plans were successfully implemented. Some were: Implementation of Information Technology Act, 2000 .It helped in providing the legal framework for all the electronic transactions. The act came into force on 17 October, 2000. National Taskforce for Information Technology and Software development was established in the year 1998. Centre for E governance was created for successful linkage of the local, state and he national level and so that efficient help could be made disposable at all ends. e office was established so that offices , ministries , departments and authorities could be electronically connected. HPC i.e. the High Powered Committee was created with the cabinet secretary made its head for the successful implementation of e governance. A Joint Secretary level Officer as the IT manager was appointed in every Ministry and Department. Websites for all Ministries and Authorities was developed for the wide coverage and availability of E governance. One can surely say that E governance has been successfully implemented in India. A lot more needs to be achieved in this respective area. Majority of the states are implementing E governance in their working. They are making a collaborative effort in shifting from the manual working model to the electronic working model. It can be inferred that more of the planned implementation of IT is what the need of the hour. More of powerful, efficient, quicker strategies may be drawn for a powerful implementation of E governance. Success of E governance in India India as a country is majorly built on Bureaucratic structures which are built in rationale principles and therefore is definitely failing ti cope up with the present scenario. Therefore a shift from such traditional practices to the complete new electronic world was definitely requires. E governance plays the major role for the implementation of such paradigm shift toward the module of E governance which itself holds as one of the major reasons for its success. Now we have single window operations, more simplified procedures, a better office and record management, less corruption, better job and position handling. The service delivery mechanisms have considerably improved. We need not stand in long queues now, there is less of procedural complexities and the personnel working has considerably improved and has become more transparent. The reason behind such success is the successful implementation of the Information and the Communication Technology. The citizen has become more aware now. He is no longer a puppet in the hands of the government employees and has got a full right to question any kind of discrepancy. E governance is surely a success. A transparent government with a satisfied consumer is what E governance is responsible to produce. E governance in India has definitely given us such results to see which is a step ahead for a developing country like India. Major E-Governance Projects in India 1. Project Vidya Vahini :- Project Vidya Vahini is a project started by Government of India in collaboration with Shiksha India, a non profit organization launched in December 2001. Shiksha India was launched to equip Indian schools with 5 Cs: 1. Computers 2. Connectivity 3. Coaching (Teacher Training) 4. Content 5. Commercial sustainability models Project Vidya Vahini portal provides the opportunity for schools, teachers and students all across the nation, to express and share their creative and academic potential via the internet. The portal further aims at creating such an environment by providing facilities for Content Development, Content Deployment and collaboration. Further the mission of the project is to spread better education and uniform quality of education across India to develop the creativity and problem solving skills of the Indians. Shiksha further strives to increase the earning capacity, reduce information arbitrage in rural India and promote entrepreneurship by providing computer literacy. Shiksha India is also working in partnership with The Ministry of Information Technology in the project Vidya Vahini and Ministry of Human Resources under the CLASS scheme which aims to connect 60.000 schools (approximately 20 million students) across the country in next five years. End Users/Beneficiaries: Populace State where Implemented: Across India Website: http: www.vidyavahini.ernet.in/content/shiksha.htm 2. Project Stamps and Registration Software:- Project Stamps and Registration Software is one of its kinds of project started by the Government of Maharashtra. Generally the stamp and registration department of any state is the top revenue earner for any state government. The Stamp Registration software provides efficient government citizen interface, and also enables enhanced revenue earnings for the Stamps and Registration operation. The core of this application consists of the Registration and Valuation module. Other modules are the Networking and Scanning modules that enable exchange of information securely across departments, and electronic copying of the registered documents thereby enabling return of the original document within few minutes of presentation. The stipulated turnaround time is approximately 25 minutes; 15 minutes for registration and 10 minutes for scanning the document (Before getting computerized, it used to take many hours and sometimes days). The project after being successfully run for IGR, Maharashtra in Pune sites, is being proposed to be implemented in BOT (Build Operate Transfer) basis with participation from private parties. End Users/Beneficiaries: Populace State where Implemented: Maharashtra 3. Project Setu :- Project SETU was introduced by the government of MAHARASHTRA to felicitate the very basic need of the people and introduce a single window interaction of redressal of all their grievances. With the help of IT this single window interaction is made faster, convenient. The main objective of this project was to reduce the effort of the common man to obtain various certificates. Prior to implementation of this project, to obtain a certificate common man had to run from pillar to post of various government offices. This resulted in a lot of hardship. The Project Setu not only provided the users a one stop destination for a number of certificates but also a faster and a more transparent response to their problems. In the initial phase, this project was implemented in the big cities, after studying the response, the government is planning to implement this at taluka and subtaluka level. The Integrated Citizen Facilitation Centres (SETU) is to work on the basic needs of the citizens and reorienting our administrative processes accordingly. The aim is to lay the foundation for e-governance, create visible impact of the intention of the Government in this direction, and facilitate the interaction of the citizens with the Government to make it more transparent, pleasant and satisfying. To create foundation for citizen centric e-governance, at district headquarters subsequently at taluka headquarters Single window clearance of 83 important certificates (includes renewal of leases, permits licenses) Quick redressal of public grievances Common registry of letters, petitions for all sections of the office. On line pendency monitoring of all above To provide services after office hours on holidays also in order to save Time, Money Energy of the public. End Users/Beneficiaries: Populace State where Implemented: Maharashtra Website: http: http://setu.maharashtra.gov.in 4. Project Fast Transport Department Automated :- This project aims to curb the rampant corruption in the traffic department of the state. Project fast was started as a pilot project in three main cities namely Secunderabad, Vijayawada and Chittoor. Fast is the short form of Fully Automated Services of Transport aimed at providing a citizen friendly, corruption free and a prompt service related to traffic department like issue of driving license registration of motor vehicles. The objective of FAST is to make the transport department citizen friendly in its functioning and provide SMART services to the public. It is intended to build comprehensive database and provide on-line services to the public covering various services like Issue of Driving Licenses, Registration of Motor Vehicles, Issue Permits, Collection of Motor Vehicle Taxes, etc. All the RTO department would be linked to each other to felicitate better communication and all the offices in the state would have interconnectivity through APSWAN. The computerization process is planned to take place in two phases. In phase I, Regional Transport offices of Secunderabad, Vijayawada and Chittoor have been covered on pilot basis. The remaining offices are to be covered in the second phase. However, a less powerful central server is to be located at the office of the Transport Commissioner for the purpose of inter-connectivity between these three RTO offices. End Users/Beneficiaries: Populace State where Implemented: Andhra Pradesh Website: http: http: www.aptransport.org 5. Project Mudra :- MUDRA Municipal Corporation towards Digital Revenue administration. This project is intended to help Holding owners, Tax collectors, and officials at headquarter levels and Circle levels. This would help them to get a total picture of tax collector and would help them to make a better future decision. This project is designed to computerize the overall functions of tax collection system of Patna Municipal Corporation. Revenue management is the key to economic stability and development of urban infrastructure to help it to discharge its function properly and cater to the requirements of economic development. The basic objectives of this software, developed and implemented by NIC Bihar State Unit includes bringing improvement to the quality of service being offered to the citizens and at the same time, it will also become possible for the first time to track all kinds of defaulters on payment of taxes due. This will assist the Municipal Corporation in acting quickly and well in time and is expected to have a very positive impact on the total revenue that is currently being collected by the Municipal. End Users/Beneficiaries: Officials of Municipal Corporation State where Implemented: Bihar 6. Project Bhoomi :- This project was started by the govt. of Karnataka with an aim of benefiting the rural population of the state. As the name itself i.e. BHOOMI convey that, the project is related to land. This project came into existence because of the difficulty the farmers have to suffer previously for getting a copy Records of Rights, Tenancy and Crops RTC. This document is helpful while procuring bank loan. Delays and bribes were also being asked. But after the enforcement of this project this document can be availed by paying a fee of Rs. 15 only. Under this project the revenue dept. of the state has maintained 20 million records of land owned by 6.7 million farmers by which a computerized copy of RTC is available at the kiosks (BHOOMI CENTERS). This technology is designed by national informatics centre. This project has won silver CAPAM awards 2002 for the in valuable contribution in uplifting of the rural population in the state. End Users/Beneficiaries: Rural People State where Implemented: Karnataka 7. Project E-Seva (Electronic Seva) This project was launched on 25th august 2001. This is the improved version the TWINS project launched previously on 1999. Under this project the govt. of Andhra Pradesh has opened around 36 e-seva centres in spread over the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad and Ranga Reddy district, it provide around 118 different facilities to the local public from 8.00 am to 8.pm and 9.30am to 3.30 pm on holidays. 70 centres are in operation covering municipalities in 13 districts. It provides services of the likes of payment of utility bills/tax, issue of birth/death certificates, filling of sales tax returns, diff B2C services, and registration of application for passports, etc. These services can be availed at any counter in the centre, others than these some 21 more types of services like railway reservations, TTD services, Bill payments of different cellular co. like AIRTEL,VODAFONE,RELIANCE. Etc. Govt. has also earned a whopping revenue of around 2000 crore (Feb 2003). So it is helping both govt. as well as the public. End Users/Beneficiaries: Populace State where Implemented: Andhra Pradesh 8. Project Lok Mitra :- This project is also known as INTEGRATED CITIZEN SERVICE CENTRE / E-KIOSKS, ICSC. This is the first project its kind in Rajasthan. It aims at providing certain INFORMATON TECHNOLOGY services to rural population of the state. The services are like teach the public how to use credit cards for making payments, and others different it related services in a single window. It is a one stop citizen friendly computerized centre located in the heart of the city of Jaipur. The whole mechanism is governed through a computer server which is linked to different departmental servers through dedicated leased line dial-up network with multiple e-counters. End Users/Beneficiaries: Populace State where Implemented: Rajasthan Website:www.rajasthan.gov.in/it/eg/lokmitra.shtm; http://www.lokmitra.gov.in 9. Project Dristee- Connecting India village by village This project is also known as WORLD AT A GLANCE for the people who have been benefited yet by it. This project provides e-governance and provides facilities related to health, education, market related information, and private related exchange and transactions. Dristee offers its platform to any service provider who wishes to market its range of products to rural India by plugging its range of services offered at village level. This provides scope for the rural people to sell their products at the market at highly beneficial prices such that they earn a maximized rate of return. It also provides social benefits like access to education and health care information. It is helping in reducing the migration of people from rural to urban areas. Dristee is presently capable of enabling the creation of approximately 50,000 information kiosks all over India within a span of six yrs. These kiosks would be able to serve around 500 million people, with an aggregate discretionary purchasing power of Rs.100 billion in less than two yrs. This communication backbone has been supplemented by a string of rural services for example:- avedan, land records, gram daak, gram haat(virtual village market), vaivahiki(matrimonial), shikhyat,etc. this project at last provides employment to a large section of unemployed population in the village. Around 45000 people have been employed till 2003 under this programme by the kiosks owners. End Users/Beneficiaries: Rural and semi-urban people State where Implemented: Haryana, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Orissa Website: http://www.drishtee.com 10. Project AArakshi :- This project is an intranet based system that has been developed and Implemented for Jaipur City Police. This innovative system enables the city police officers to carry out on-line sharing of crime Criminal data bases carry out communication and perform monitoring activities. The Software provides a facility to update Perform queries on database of: ÂÂ · FIRs. ÂÂ · Latest News of criminals Crimes.12 ÂÂ · Telephone Directory of Police Officers. ÂÂ · Messaging. ÂÂ · Instructions of Police Control Room on Real Time basis. ÂÂ · Habitual offenders details along with photo gallery. ÂÂ · Description of criminals. ÂÂ · Missing Persons. ÂÂ · Police Personnel. ÂÂ · Property Details. ÂÂ · Numbered / Unnumbered property. ÂÂ · Vehicle theft / Seizure. ÂÂ · Cultural Property. End Users/Beneficiaries: Jaipur Police Officials State where Implemented: Rajasthan HOW THE NATIONAL CAPITAL DELHI CAN BE BENEFITTED FROM E-GOVERNANCE As the various projects that have been studied above in the research paper have been implemented in different parts of our country successfully ; its very much required that such efficiency in implementing the projects should be shown in our national capital i.e. Delhi. Around the time clock , such projects have shown efficiency in the working system of the particular area , laws have been better maintained , efficient property assessments have been procured , reduction in corruption have been noticed , lesser time wastage and a fairer and a transparent government has been achieved. From the above study we can observe that such regulations should be proceeded with the Delhi region as well. Firstly to start with as far as the stamp papers are concerned , the common problem that one faces is the unavailability of the required denomination by the buyer. Due to such problems they have to buy higher denomination stamp papers and therefore a common citizen faces trouble. Therefore if such stamps are made available online , e governance would prove helpful and reduce a common citizens problems. Secondly, if e governance is successfully implemented in the delhi region people and the government can come into contact with each other at a single point. Hence no time wastage on a citizens part and no resources wastage on the part of the government would prove advantageous. Commonly a citizen needs to be in contact with the government as regards the issue of birth certificate, death certificate, and other legal documents that a citizen would commonly reqire at his very own disposal. It is the duty of the government to make his citizens available to all such requirements. Therefore, if e governance is successfully implemented in delhi region , such issues can be easily solved. Thirdly, if e governance is successfully implemented in Delhi , the long licensing and application procedures can be simplified to a great extent. The procurer can fill the forms and the desired information online with just the authentication procedure to be done physically. This will reduce a lot of problems faced both by the citizen and the government. Fourthly, e governance implementation in Delhi and around the regions can make the payment of taxes , allotment of identities , collection of payments and funds and various other financial transactions very transparent and accurate. Peoples legal issues , transparency , faire government , better access to information , change for the working module of new culture can all be easily maintained. With the successful implementation ICT penetrators , lack of trained human resources and very large geographical distances can be easily resolved. REFRENCES 1.Records Of World Bank 2.Sites which were Referred Google.com 3.Referred Links it.delhigovt.nic.in/rs1/e-govproject.html himachaldit.gov.in/page/e-Governance-Projects.aspx http://books.google.com/books?id=xI12St_xx0MClpg=PP1dq=e-governancepg=PP1#v=onepageqf=false http://egovindia.wordpress.com/category/egovernance-projects-around-country/ Government of india, Information Technology Actin plan : IT for all Indians by 2008 ; http://it-taskforce.nic.in Kochhar Sameer and Gursharan Dhanjal , (2005). E government Report Card , Yojna , Vol.49

the yellow wallpaper -- essays research papers fc

Tyer 1 Drew Tyer  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jennifer McCune ENGL 1312 24 February 2005 No Work and No Play Makes Jane a Dull Girl   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jane in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was â€Å"touched† as some say long before she was prescribed, and administered the â€Å"rest cure† by her husband for her then unknown ailment now called postpartum depression. The boredom and isolation of this cure only allowed her mind to venture farther down a dark and winding corridor of insanity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jane has recently had a child and is experiencing what we know today as postpartum depression. Back in the 1800's doctors had no understanding of these symptoms, so they chalked it all up to a temporary nervous depression. This was cured by a treatment called the â€Å"rest cure† popularized by Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. This remedy consisted mainly of isolation and bed rest. We now know that this does nothing to promote a healthy mind or body. But, at the time this was the best-known cure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a child Jane had hallucinations, â€Å"I used to lie awake as a child and get more entertainment and terror out of blank walls and plain furniture than most children could find in a toy-store.†(Gilman 593). This sort of behavior is more than just your average child’s rampant imagination. This is truly the sound of someone who is delusional and needs some form of psychological counseling.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This overly active quasi delusional behavior followed Jane to adulthood, and was noticed but dismissed as pure silliness by her husband even before the baby came about, â€Å"... he says that Tyer 2 with my imaginative power and habit of story-making, a nervous weakness like mine is sure to lead to all manner of excited fancies...†(Gilman 592) Anytime Jane acted a little bit weird he would just say it was her hyperactive imagination at work again. Little did he know the depths of her problems that were to become evident over the next three months.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The demons in her mind first began to attack her psyche about ... ...traits of a mentally unstable individual. The â€Å"rest cure† coupled with the postpartum depression   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tyer 4 she was experiencing merely accelerated the mental flaws she had, and brought about the inevitable. The cure had taken an already frangible mind and thrown it into complete and total disarray.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tyer 5 Works Cited Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† Literature: An Introduction to Reading And Writing. 7th ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. 2004. 590-600.

Impact Of Global Crisis On Indian Economy Essay

Abstract: The Indian economy has shown considerable resilience to the global economic crisis by maintaining one of the highest growth rates in the world. The intensity of present economic meltdown is so high that it is being compared with the global economic recession in 1873, Great Depression of 1930’s and East Asian crisis of 1990’s. Global Financial Crisis is among the greatest financial challenges to the world economy which is originated in United States of America. The global economic slowdown is unprecedented in scale and has severe implications on policy formulation among emerging market. Currently India has one of the largest developing countries in the world. Its growth was interrupted by the global financial turbulence that was started in 2008 with the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. Industries such as Information Technology, Pharmaceuticals, BPO, ITES, Textiles, Automobile and Banking & Financial Services Sector in India suffered setbacks due to shrinking patronage and demand from western markets. Strong economic growth in the last decade combined with a population of over a billion makes it one of the potentially largest markets in the future. This paper provides an overview of global financial crisis and its impact on the Indian Economy. Keywords: Global Economic crisis, Indian Economy, Gross Domestic Product, Foreign Direct Investment, Balance of Payment. Introduction: Every day the main headline of all newspapers is about our falling share markets, decreasing industrial growth and the overall negative mood of the economy. It is due to the world financial system is now undergoing a global economic crisis of staggering proportions. The global financial crisis impacted India significantly, notwithstanding the sound banking system, negligible exposure of Indian banks to sub-prime assets and relatively well-functioning financial markets. The impact was mainly on account of India’s growing trade and financial integration with the global economy. What is Global Economic Crisis? Global economic crisis refers to an economic scenario where the economies of countries all over the world have taken a beating. Whenever there is a global economic crisis, some companies will remove the employees for short span or for a long run. In that case along with recession, they will feel depression as well. An Economic Recession is a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real gross domestic product, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales. An Economic Depression is a sustained, long-term downturn in economic activity in one or more economy. Methodology: Literature review and secondary research has been used to support the aim of the paper. The information related to the study was collected from the various books, magazines, periodicals, especially from the research reports and articles available over the internet, government websites etc. The study covers the thoughts and writings of various authors in the stream of industry, academician, and research. Objective of the Study: The present study focused on the origin of the Global Economic Crisis and to analyze the reasons and its impact on Indian Economy which examines the trends of GDP growth rates, Foreign Direct Investment, Financial Sector, and overall Balance of Payment etc. Causes of Global Economic Crisis: There are several underlying causes of the current global economic crisis. Most people believe that the major causes of the crisis include the following: fraud and weak underwriting practices, uncontrolled population growth, unscrupulous lending practices, prolonged boom in house prices, massive borrowing binge in the United States and European countries, growing culture of weak regulation etc. Impact on Indian Economy: (a) Impact on Indian GDP growth rate: Economic growth is the increase in value of the goods and services produced by an economy. With the help of a structural quarterly macro econometric model, this paper concludes that significant part of the fall in GDP growth by 2.8 per cent in 2008-2009 due to global economic recession and  depression. It is expected to show up growth about 1.5 per cent in 2009–2010 and now slowly is on the recovery side. Among the major developing countries, growth in India is expected to remain ‘robust’. India’s economy is expected to expand between 7.7 percent and 7.9 percent in 2012-2013, down from 8.5 percent in 2010. (b) Impact on Indian FDI inflows: During the period subsequent to dotcom burst, there has been an unprecedented rise in the cross-border flows and this exuberance was sustained until the occurrence of global financial crisis in the year 2008-09. When there was a significant deceleration in global FDI flows during 2009-10, the decline in FDI flows to India was relatively moderate reflecting robust equity flows on the back of strong rebound in domestic growth ahead of global recovery and steady reinvested earnings reflecting better profitability of foreign companies in India. However, when there had been some recovery in global FDI flows, during 2010-11. The report anticipates that foreign investments in India could increase by over 20 per cent in 2012-13. (c) Impact on Indian Balance of Payments: Fiscal 2009-10 has witnessed a global recovery after a crisis of severe worldwide proportions. The risks of economic crisis however remain, with need for caution in dealing with high public debt and unwinding of fiscal and monetary stimuli. The Indian economy also saw a turnaround, registering 7 % growth during 2009-10, after touching a low of 5.8 per cent in the third and fourth quarters of 2008-09. The balance-of-payments situation improved on the back of a surge in capital flows and rise in foreign exchange reserves, which have been accompanied by rupee appreciation. (d) Impact on Indian Financial Sector: Until the emergence of global crisis, the Indian economy was going through a phase of growing domestic investment financed mostly by domestic savings and sustained consumption demand. This overall improvement in macroeconomic performance in India was attributed to calibrated financial sector reforms that resulted in an efficient system of financial intermediation, albeit bank-based; the rule based fiscal policy that reduced the drag on private savings; and forward-looking monetary policy that balanced the short term trade-off between growth and inflation on a continuous basis. India, though initially somewhat insulated to the global developments, eventually was impacted significantly by the global shocks through all the channels – trade, finance and expectations channels. This raised the issue that whether  India is more globalised than what is perceived in terms of conventional trade openness indicators. Takeaways from the Global Crisis: No doubt, India has been hit by the global economic crisis; it is clearly due to India’s rapid and growing integration into the global economy. The Global economic crisis and the current sovereign debt crisis offer, many regulatory and policy lessons that have come to the fore and are under various stages of implementation, I would flag some takeaways: too much of anything is bad like leverage, liquidity, finance etc. models do not fully reflect the realities of life and excessive reliance on quantitative models is fraught with risk and Finance should serve the real sector and not the converse. Conclusion: While the developed world, including the U.S, the Euro Zone and Japan, has plunged into recession, the Indian Economy is being affected by the spill-over effects of the global financial crisis, the strategy to counter these effects of the global crisis on the Indian economy and prevent the latter from any further collapse would require an effective departure from the dominant economic philosophy of the neo-liberalism. It needs to be emphasized that implementation holds the key to bail out the Indian economy from the economic crisis. Our President Mr. Pranab Mukherjee has suggested that to reduce the pain of economic crisis, employers should cut wages all along the line to reduce costs, rather than retrenching workers and thus add to job losses. RBI needs to neutralize the outflow of FII money by unwinding the market stabilization securities that it had used to sterilize the inflows when they happened. Taxes including excise duty and custom duty should be reduced to lighten the adverse effect of economic crunch on various industries. Also, the government should try and improve liquidity, while CRR and SLR must be cut further. Perhaps growth will bounce back. And the success of Indian companies in 2012 will depend more than ever on their ability to tap into these new opportunities in emerging markets, especially as they look to counter depressed demand at home and increased risk in developed markets. References: Gotmare, Dr. Dilip and Deshmukh, Dr. Panjabrao . (June 2011). Global Economic Recession: It’s Impact on Indian Economy. Available: http://www.isrj.net/june/2011/Economic_GLOBAL_ECONOMIC_RECESSION.html. Prabhudesai, Arun. (August, 2011). Indian Economic Outlook 2011-12–GDP growth at 8.2%. Available: http://trak.in/tags/business/2011/08/01/indian-economic-growth-2011-12/. Sinha, Anand. (March, 2012). Impact on Indian economy from global crisis. Available: http://www.indiainfoline.com/Markets/News/Impact-on-Indian-economy-from-global-crisis-Anand-Sinha/5381116279. (May, 2012). India’s economy – A Bric hits the wall. Available: http://www.economist.com/blogs/newsbook/2012/05/indias-economy. (2011-2012). Foreign Direct Investment Flows to India. Available: http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/bs_viewcontent.aspx?Id=2513.

Philosophy, Theory, and Ideology : Comparison and Contrasts Essay

I. Definition of Philosophy, Ideology and Theory The words Philosophy, Theology and Ideology are linked with each other. In order to discuss and compare each, definitions of the words are important. Philosophy is a greek word that came from the words â€Å"philo† and â€Å"sophia†. â€Å"Philo† means love and sophia means wisdom. Taking these two words literally, the word philosophy can be defined as the â€Å"love of wisdom† (theophil-bcantens.barry.edu, 2007). An article from theophil-bcantens.barry.edu (2007) had further explained that philosophy is a study of the ultimate. This definition was taken from what the philosophers had said about philosophy and the concepts that have been studied in philosophy. Ideology as defined in the dictionary, according to Rolf Schwarz, â€Å"is a belief or a set of beliefs, especially the political beliefs on which people, parties, or countries base their actions.† On the other hand, Theory is defined by Curran and Takata (2007) as a systematic way of thought about a subject. II. Comparison of Philosophy, Ideology and Theory Based on the three meanings, differences can now be seen from the three words. Philosophy is seen as a discipline like a branch of science or a branch of education. It is a subject that has theories and ideologies on its own. On the other hand, Ideology is a belief, meaning a person or a group of person could belief on that particular idea or not. Ideology pertains to any belief, as long as there is a person that believe in an idea then that can be pertained as the ideology of that particular idea. A theory is a way of thinking that explains something logically. A theory is usually a way to help clarify the things that are happening around us. As the author had stated, Philosophy is a study of the ultimate. Ideologies are sometimes formed based on Philosophy. Most of the topic in Philosophy is quite complicated and almost all issues are still under debate. According to Aristotle in Metaphysics, â€Å"All men naturally have an impulse to get knowledge.†, because there are many things in the world that are yet to be clarified people tend to study why this is so. Philosophers tried to explain things and made some theories in philosophy. An example of which is Mentalism. This is considered as a philosophical theory wherein â€Å"the mind is the true reality and objects exists only as aspects of the mind’s awareness† (the freedictionary.com, 2007). However, others based their beliefs on Philosophy. Example is the Aetheist. The ideology of the Aetheist is that â€Å"God does not exist†. That is what they believe, however it is not yet proven still. III. Conclusion As a conclusion, theory, ideology and philosophy differ in form. Philosophy is a discipline, Ideology is a belief and Theory is a way of thinking. These words are concerned with how the people think based on their everyday lives. People are curious about what is happening in their environment and because of this, people formulated several questions about the existence of something or about the meaning of something. The questioning is then perceived as a philosophy if people start to study and try to discover the answer to the questions that are still yet to be found. Philosophical theories can become ideologies depending on the one who perceives it. On the other hand, an Ideology cannot be accounted as a theory because it is based on the belief of people. The belief could either be logical or not.

Thinner - Literary Analysis essays

Thinner - Literary Analysis essays A Man With a Curse - Thinner - Literary Analysis There comes a time when everyone has to deal with an uncontrollable catastrophe. In Stephen Kings Thinner, Billy Halleck must try to take control of a disastrous situation that is not only unusual, it is also very shocking. Mr. Halleck is an average, caring father who works as a lawyer. However, Billy is also fifty pounds overweight, and according to Dr. Houston, should take up dieting. Unfortunately, a horrible series of events occur when Billy is involved in a traffic accident. Taduz Lemke, a mysterious Gypsy, (Who happens to be the father of the daughter killed in the accident.) has now cursed Billy, forcing him to lose weight at rapid and uncontrollable speed. No matter what amount of food Mr. Halleck eats, pounds continue to drop alarmingly. It is now up to Billy to track down the Gypsy who cursed him, and deal with the depressing emotions he and his family must face. It is almost impossible to deny the suspense that builds rapidly in Thinner, keeping you on the edge of your seat for long periods of time. In addition to this, character development and eerie descriptions never seem to escape your mind. In Thinner, Stephen King teaches us how friendship and family can make us feel happy when a crisis evolves. When Billy first realizes that he is strangely loosing weight, he then subsides into a state of denial. Rejection was clearly visible in Billy when he said to himself, All that Gypsy said was thinner. He didnt say, By the power vested in me I curse you to lose six to nine pounds a week until you die. This denial forces Billy to believe that only logic and reason can explain what is happening to him. This is a major factor when it comes to King describing the feelings Halleck is experiencing. However, when Billy realizes that all the tests and doctors dont comprehend what is wrong with him, he begins to believe it wa ...

Definition and Examples of Disjuncts in English Grammar

Definition and Examples of Disjuncts in English Grammar In English grammar, a disjunct is a type of sentence adverb that comments on the content or manner of what is being said or written. Put another way, a disjunct is a word or phrase that explicitly expresses the stance of a speaker or writer. Also called a sentence adjunct or sentence modifier. Unlike adjuncts, which are  integrated into the structure of a sentence or clause, disjuncts stand outside the syntactic structure of the text they are commenting on. In effect, says David Crystal, disjuncts look down from above on a clause, making a judgment about what it is saying or how it is phrased (Making Sense of Grammar, 2004). As explained below, the two basic types of disjuncts are content disjuncts (also known as attitudinal disjuncts) and style disjuncts.   The term disjunct is sometimes also applied to any of  two or more items connected by the disjunctive conjunction or. Etymology: From the Latin, to separate Examples and Observations Without a doubt, one of the  most popular and influential television shows  from the 1960s is the original  Star Trek  series, created by Gene Roddenberry.(Kenneth Bachor, Five  Things You Probably Didn’t Know About the Original  Star Trek. Time,  September 8, 2016)Strangely enough, they have a mind to till the soil, and the love of possessions is a disease in them.(Sitting Bull, Powder River Council Speech, 1875)â€Å"As weve discussed, the information you brought us has been, shall we say, a bit thin.  To be perfectly candid, my government feels as if were being played.†(Jeffrey S. Stephens, Targets of Opportunity, 2006)But sadly, one of the problems with being on public radio is that people tend to think youre being sincere all the time.(Ira Glass, quoted by Ana Marie Cox and Joanna Dionis in Mother Jones, September-October, 1998)Regrettably, the book is no longer in print, but copies can be found in libraries and secondhand bookshops.â€Å"Well, cou ld you sleep? the Count asked the next night upon his arrival in the cage.â€Å"Quite honestly, no, Westley replied in his normal voice.(William Goldman, The Princess Bride, 1973) Hopefully, the book will inspire readers to a wider interest in weather, atmospheric science, and earth science in general.(Keay Davidson, Twister. Pocket Books, 1996)Hopefullyand Other Commentary Disjuncts- Its time to admit that hopefully has joined that class of introductory words (like fortunately, frankly, happily, honestly, sadly, seriously, and others) that we use not to describe a verb, which is what adverbs usually do, but to describe our attitude toward the statement that follows. . . . But be aware that some sticklers still take a narrow view of hopefully. Will they ever join the crowd? One can only hope.(Patricia T. OConner, Woe Is I: The Grammarphobes Guide to Better English in Plain English, rev. ed. Riverhead Books, 2003)- Long before the controversial use of hopefully came along, it was possible to marshal words like happily, fortunately, foolishly, cleverly, in dual roles, as manner adverbs or disjuncts: He spent all his money foolishly or Foolishly, he spent all his money; He landed fortunately in a haystack or He landed in a haystack, fortunately; She did not weave all of the tapestry cleverly, Cleverly, she did not weave all of the tapestry. All the howling about hopefully, all the moralizing and execration, ignored the fact that a pattern of usage already existed, and that the hated word was merely taking up an available position. Other words of the same kind are currently being treated in the same way. One of them is regretfully, which is now being used as a commentary disjunct with the meaning It is to be regretted that . . . (Regretfully, we cannot serve early morning tea). This usage might be criticized on the grounds that we already have a perfectly adequate commentary disjunct in regrettably, and that there can be no good reason for pressing an impostor into service. Users, however, are stubbornly unanswerable to the gods of good reason.(Walter Nash, An Uncommon Tongue: The Uses and Resources of English. Routledge, 1992) Style Disjuncts and Content DisjunctsThere are two kinds of disjuncts: style disjuncts and content disjuncts. Style disjuncts express comments by speakers on the style or manner in which they are speaking: frankly as in Frankly, you have no chance of winning ( I am telling you this frankly); personally in Personally, Id have nothing to do with them; with respect in With respect, it is not up to you to decide; if I may say so in They are rather rude, if I may say so; because she told me so in She wont be there, because she told me so ( I know that because she told me so). Content disjuncts comment on the content of what is being said. The most common express degrees of certainty and doubt as to what is being said: perhaps in Perhaps you can help me; undoubtedly in Undoubtedly, she is the winner; obviously in Obviously, she has no wish to help us.(Sidney Greenbaum, Adverbial. The Oxford Companion to the English Language, ed. Tom McArthur, Oxford University Press, 1992)

Turner Surname Meaning and Origin

Turner Surname Meaning and Origin Turner is most commonly an occupational name for one who worked with a lathe to make items of wood, bone, or metal. The name derives from the Old French tornier and Latin Tornarius, meaning lathe. Other possible origins of the Turner surname include: An occupational name for an official in charge of a tournament, from the Old French tornei, meaning a tournament or contest of armed men.A variant of the surname Turnehare, a nickname for a fast runner from the  Middle English turnen, meaning to turn hare, a fast rabbit.An occupational name for a guard in a tower, from the Middle High German turn, meaning tower.A habitational name for someone from any one of various places named Turna, Turno,  Thurn, etc. This origin can be hard to pinpoint to a specific country, meaning individuals with the Turner surname could have come from Poland, Austria, Germany or any number of other countries. Turner is the 49th most popular surname in the United States and the 27th most common surname in England. Surname Origin:  English, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings:  TOURNIER, TURNEY, DOERNER, DURNER, TARNER, TERNER, TOURNEAU, TURNOR, THURNER, TOURNER, TOURNOR Famous People Sith the Surname TURNER - 18th and 19th century British landscape painterNat Turner - leader of a violent slave rebellion in VirginiaCharles Henry Turner -  pioneering African-American scientist and scholarIke Turner - RB legend; husband of Tina TurnerTed Turner - founder of CNN; philanthropistKathleen Turner - American actressLana Turner - American film actress and pin-up girlJosh Turner - American country music starJohn Turner - 17th Prime Minister of Canada Where Do People With the TURNER Surname Live? Turner is the worlds 900th most common surname, according to surname distribution data from  Forebears. It is most common in various English speaking countries, including New Zealand where it ranks 30th, England (31st), Australia (34th), Isle of Man (34th), Wales (46th) and the United States (48th). WorldNames PublicProfiler  identifies Turner as most prevalent in the Waitomo District of New Zealand, followed by the Otorohanga District. It also identifies the surname as especially common in Tasmania and Western Australia, as well as East Anglia and West Midlands in the United Kingdom. Genealogy Resources for the Surname TURNER 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? 100 Most Common English Surnames with MeaningsLearn how surnames originated in England, and about the four major types of surnames. Includes a list of 100 of the most popular English surnames along with their meanings. Turner Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Turner family crest or coat of arms for the Turner surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.   Turner Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Turner surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Turner query. FamilySearch - TURNER GenealogyAccess over 7 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Turner surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. TURNER Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Turner surname. DistantCousin.com - TURNER Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Turner. The Turner Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Turner from the website of Genealogy Today. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

A Fascinating Organism Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Fascinating Organism - Case Study Example This can range from maintaining a basic pH in the bloodstream to temperature. The main part of the brain responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the hypothalamus, which sits under the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. This strategic location allows it to communicate with the thalamus, which processes sensory information, in order to mediate the hormonal response of the pituitary gland. The feeling of cold is registered through special receptors located in the skin. When a certain threshold is reached based on temperature, sensory information is routed through a variety of different pathways. Some of these pathways lead to the spinal cord, which necessitates the fast reflex, whereas some reach the somatosensory cortex and the thalamus where it is processed. The act of maintaining internal body temperature in the cold causes certain physiological responses. Blood vessels become constricted through movement of tissues surrounding in order to keep the blood concentrated around t hose organs imperative to survival. In addition, brown fat plays an important part in insulating the body and providing warmth. The outer extremities of the body such as fingers, toes, genitalia, etc. are the most susceptible to frostbite because they lack sufficient blood flow to these areas that would normally be kept warm through the flow of blood. When making a diagnosis in the case of an osteopathic injury, there are many different types of medical and physical tests that a doctor will run in order to find the location of the injury. MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging. Surgeons use this scan in order to look at the anatomy of the body. In the case of osteopathic injuries, it will show tears in ligaments, muscles, and any other abnormalities/damage that might have occurred in the area. Aging is simply put as the degradation of biological processes. As humans age, the ability to regenerate and heal becomes harder.

Colonization of african americans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Colonization of african americans - Essay Example I used to have an older brother, but we got separated when he got sold off to a different family. I hope he is well, wherever he is. I haven't seen him in 10 years. When we first came here to Georgia, we were scared because we didn't know what kind of family we'll serve, or if we will yet again be separated. As my Ma and Pa anticipated our expulsion from the South Carolina rice plantation we called home since before I was born (they were just too many of us slaves than they can handle), I can hear them praying for a better owner—people who will not whip us when we make mistakes or if they think we're being lazy. I remember playing inside the trunk of a big old tree far from the rice plantation, but being careful so that no white people can see me. The clay house we share with another family is hot in the summer, and being a young boy, I want to go out and play. But if they see me, there'd be big trouble for sure. So I found myself a hiding place in a tree. Ma always told me ac tions have consequences, and if I'm not careful, then she couldn't shield me from the eyes of our owner. Consequences means whipping and no food rations—especially if we caught our master's attention when he was drunk. That's asking for big trouble. The fusion of bad disposition alcohol would mean at least 10 whips. So, Ma and Pa were both happy and scared we were about to be resold or "imported" as they call it—happy to be leaving our cruel master, but scared to be sold to a more cruel owner. While we were being auctioned off in cuffs, after my brother was bought by a different man, the three of us gave an inaudible sigh of relief when we were purchased by one man. He looks stern but fair, although we dared not look into his eyes, afraid he might think we're insolent and get off on a bad start. It turns out he was a general who just invested in a small cotton plantation and only needs more than a dozen hands to work the fields for starters. Our new home in Georgia was more livable. We were given our own hut and it even had a small fireplace! Although we miss our fellow slaves we left behind or were sold to others—especially my brother—life was starting to look good. Our assimilation into the Georgia life was smooth. The general bought two other families—parents who can still work hard who had sons who were young, but ready to work. Unlike in our old life, we were given enough food to eat and allowed us not to work on Sundays, except during harvest season when we had to work 16 to 18 hours a day. Missus and master treated us like people, where before we were treated almost like animals. As long as we work hard and are honest, we didn't go hungry. They gave us a fair share for our daily cotton weight. Although we were used to having to work with a lot of slaves, here, we became like a close-knit family because slave owners in Georgia are not as many. Most of the people disapproved slavery, and maybe this is why our masters wer e good to us. Because there were so few of us in our community, segregation—although not a law—was apparent. It was like a hidden code. When you see whites on the road, you automatically give way. It's my birthday today, and we celebrate it by making a bonfire and roasting the extra meat given to me for this special day. Before we came here, we never got to celebrate birthdays. Anyway, because it's my birthday, I wonder where I really came from and

Development and Use of Curricular Adaptations for Students Receiving Research Paper

Development and Use of Curricular Adaptations for Students Receiving Special Education Services - Research Paper Example There are some common special needs, which are included in the special education that is crucial for imparting proper knowledge. Students who need special education, suffers with various problems as they are not as headstrong as the normal students. They face communication disabilities, learning disabilities, emotional and behavioral disorder, physical disabilities, and development disabilities and hence need special attention. The students who are surviving with these types of disabilities will get benefited from these special types of education. These students are provided with additional education services, which require different types of technology specially adopted for teaching area or a resource room, which helps in providing different approaches of teaching (British Columbia Ministry of Education, 2013). The objective of the study is to describe about the various aspects of special education. The study will define about the various steps that have been adapted for the development processes for imparting special education, which will be helpful for the success of those disable students in the educational field. The other aim of the study is to describe about the curricular adoptions for the students who are receiving the special educational services. The main purpose of the study is to establish the effective developmental techniques and process for establishing special educational need for students. The special education is a mechanism, which refers as a social and educational service that has been provided by the some schools and educational institution. The purpose of special education is to provide pleasant atmosphere for effective education to all the students who are disable. The main purpose of special education is to empower the impartial participation of those students who want special need and attention for better development and societal standard. The special need

Movie Response for Japanese film Zatoichi(2003) Review

Response for Japanese film Zatoichi(2003) - Movie Review Example the blind samurai represents the oppressed poor society who struggle for equality in the society through the search for justice for the less privileged. The film portrays the hostility in the Japanese society and the role of the samurai in the struggle for enhancing peace in the society. The blind Zatoichi is hired by Sukegoro a gang-leader because of his skills. Yakuza Shigezo, the head of a rich powerful opposition gang hires a bodyguard with similar skills as Zatoichi with the aim of creating equality in militant powered between the two rivalry groups. However, Zatoichi manages to destroy Yakuza’s body guard and his entire army and fulfills his quest of protecting Ginzo town and avenging the death of the two geisha sibling’s father. In the Japanese culture, the samurai is a legendary term used to refer to a wars hero who represents the rights of the oppressed minority. Zatoichi is a film that portrays the exact description of the Japanese culture through the display of a blind Japanese warrior and his quest to free Ginzo town from oppression by a local Yakuza gang war that has forced residents of the town to pay excessive amount of money for their protection. In this case, the film perpetuates that the term Samurai is a symbolic version of peace ins pired by war heroes in the Japanese

Private Takeover of Data Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Private Takeover of Data - Essay Example The process of democratization is inherent in the multidimensional and multifaceted interaction of the masses with the environmental factors that have a significant impact. Indeed, history is witness to the fact that they are capable of influencing any future recourse to the formation of a new political equation. Â  The system typically represents social conditioning of the people which may express their values, interests and general behavioral pattern, in given setting. But there is increasing the tendency of collective representation of the group that may be in a position to consciously influence a susceptible audience towards a set course thus explaining the restructuring of the social fabric in a more rational manner that is deliberate and pre-determined. The last fifty years have seen the deteriorating authority of the government control through various processes like privatization, deregulation, and decentralization of power has promoted increasing commercialization of jobs that were hitherto confined to the government agencies for confidentiality and security reasons. Â  The deregulation and de-centralization have brought in private players to the national arena where they are able to bargain with the government. In fact, media has been one the most powerful private player which wields considerable influence over the people and the government. They have become strong advocates for power games. Vested interests now dominate the overall goals and objectives of the media owners. Citizens’ welfare has taken a backseat and manipulation of public opinion has become the norm. With their specific political leaning, they back their own candidates for legislative seats, thereby influencing policies and plans which may make them more powerful. Public representatives are bought by these media giants so that they may advocate the cartel’s dubious aims and objectives.

Consider a local business whose services you frequently use. What are Essay

Consider a local business whose services you frequently use. What are the main components of this company's business model - Essay Example Through these components, the business has managed to create an effective business model giving it a competitive advantage over its competitors since the products produced are of high quality and at a considerably lower price. The business currently implements the joint-stock venture form of business organization where their main suppliers and distributors are ventures in the business thus the cost of production and consequently the price of their products is lower than the competitors’. The business gets into business ventures with its suppliers and other parties of interest in the business to decrease the cost of operation and hence deliver products at a relatively low price thus increasing its overall sales and profit. By so doing, the business ensures that it is the main shareholder and owner of the business but only splits earned profits with the other ventures. Unlike the partnership form of business organization, the business does not distribute its shares among the ventures but instead only distributes the profit earned thus the business owner retains ownership of the business even when the ventures dissolve their contracts. The form of business organization is also beneficial. When the business ventures decide to leave the agreement, the business does not need to be dissolved in order to complete the request, thus it is easier to add and remove ventures from the business contract hence more flexibility for the business to adapt to changes and customer demands to increase /retain a competitive advantage over its competitors. Compared to a sole proprietorship, the form of business organization implemented by the business is advantageous in that the operational costs of the business is shared among the ventures thus the business owner does not bare losses or the burden of meeting the business’s operational costs alone. This is important since it

Private Takeover of Data Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Private Takeover of Data - Essay Example The process of democratization is inherent in the multidimensional and multifaceted interaction of the masses with the environmental factors that have a significant impact. Indeed, history is witness to the fact that they are capable of influencing any future recourse to the formation of a new political equation. Â  The system typically represents social conditioning of the people which may express their values, interests and general behavioral pattern, in given setting. But there is increasing the tendency of collective representation of the group that may be in a position to consciously influence a susceptible audience towards a set course thus explaining the restructuring of the social fabric in a more rational manner that is deliberate and pre-determined. The last fifty years have seen the deteriorating authority of the government control through various processes like privatization, deregulation, and decentralization of power has promoted increasing commercialization of jobs that were hitherto confined to the government agencies for confidentiality and security reasons. Â  The deregulation and de-centralization have brought in private players to the national arena where they are able to bargain with the government. In fact, media has been one the most powerful private player which wields considerable influence over the people and the government. They have become strong advocates for power games. Vested interests now dominate the overall goals and objectives of the media owners. Citizens’ welfare has taken a backseat and manipulation of public opinion has become the norm. With their specific political leaning, they back their own candidates for legislative seats, thereby influencing policies and plans which may make them more powerful. Public representatives are bought by these media giants so that they may advocate the cartel’s dubious aims and objectives.

The impact of the Industrial Revolution Essay Example for Free

The impact of the Industrial Revolution Essay The Industrial Revolution (1870 to 1920) led to various improvements in the social and economic conditions of the Canadians. The Industrial Revolution basically brought in a lot of positive changes for the people and after this only, progress in various fields such as agricultural and manufacturing, etc. became visible that in turn brought an overall improvement in the lives of the people by improving their social and economic conditions. However, it was not just Canada that benefited the impact of the Industrial Revolution but the entire world was able to reap the benefits. The most important and prevalent feature of the Industrial Revolution was the generation of wealth that led to modernization of the living style of the people. However, in the case of Canada the people who had more capital than the others became wealthier while the other population remained the same. The reason behind this was that the people who have capital made a different social class in the society while the working force (the labor force) of Canada did not get many benefits and only the people from the business class were in the position to survive well. The school going children were taught to be more obedient and to be punctual i. e. the mannerism that must be adopted at work was inculcated in the students. This therefore proves that the most emphasis that was given during this era was on how to generate more profits for the employers and the ways in which productivity could be increased. The employer mostly regarded their employees as machines and made them do work like machines as they wanted the best of their effacing at work. However, the workers who worked hard for the employers’ whole day were not even compensated fairly. It was however true that some of the provinces in Canada greatly benefitted from the Industrial Revolution that took place from 1870 to 1920, however some of the provinces such as Maritime Provinces of Canada suffered heavily and this was mainly because this was the hub for ship building but now after this Revolution the ships were mostly built with steel and not with wood. However, not enough equipment was available to the workers in this area in terms of technology due to which it lost its importance economically. Other than this, there were many other provinces such as Nova Scotia and New Brunswick where the technology for not available for the progress of the people but in the areas where technology was available, they progressed heavily. British Columbia was one such place in Canada that progressed economically after the Industrial Revolution. Mining, forestry and agriculture were the three main areas that made the most revenue for the economy of Canada and it was when Canada began to import these especially timber to the rest of the places in Canada further improved the transportation system in Canada as the introduction of trains further enhanced the conditions in the country. Later in 1911 when the hydro electricity was introduced, it further aided in making the economy more strong and as Ontario and Quebec were the hub of the powerhouses during 1980’s, these two places progressed rapidly and also resulted in a very rapid growth in the population. This was because the people who used to work in the farms previously moved onto the cities in order work as they could see large opportunities of work in the cities especially in the factories. However, due to this the rent of the houses became higher due to which the people had to share houses with the others and due to this the working class also began to send their children for work in order to fulfill their needs and this led to the exploitation of the children until a law was passed by the Factory Act that banned the employers to hire boys and girls below twelve and fourteen years of age. The progress in Canada made the classes of people more evident especially the high class and the working class. The people in Canada who were oppressed the most were basically the people who were from the working class and this is because previously their main source of income was from the farms they worked. Moreover, they were most dependent on the pigs they owned so that they could sell them and make their living especially in the winter season when work is not available readily. However, it was the wealthier group in Canada that banned the ownership of the livestock that enforced the people to buy commodities. I would therefore conclude by saying that the impact of the Industrial Revolution (1870 to 1920) on the social and economic conditions Canadians was both favorable and unfavorable but the classes that were affected by the former or the latter were actually the ones who had to face the outcomes. The business class was the one that benefitted the most but the working class was actually exploited. (Francis, Jones Smith, 2006). Reference Francis,D. R. , Jones, R. Smith, D. B. (2006). Journeys: A History of Canada. Thomson.

The 1941 Attack On Pearl Harbor History Essay

The 1941 Attack On Pearl Harbor History Essay On 7 December 1941, the Empire of Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. From that point on, fear spread around the United States about how the Japanese were going to bomb the continental United States. Two months later, on 19 February 1942, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066. This was the response from the United States government to the attack on Pearl Harbor. The order allowed for the internment of Japanese Americans in various camps located throughout the United States. The purpose of this essay is to answer the question, To what extent was the Internment of the Japanese Americans during the Pacific War caused by the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor? through the analysis of the two events. Another aim of this essay is to discuss the reliability of sources, and how historians should use them. The essay starts by examining the events that led up to the attack on Pearl Harbor. Then, it will lead into the attack on Pearl Harbor itself. From there, the essay will examine the internment of the Japanese Americans in 1942. Once the two events have been established, a link will be presented to find cause and effect, while discussing the reliability of sources. In conclusion, the aim on this investigation is to show that the internment of the Japanese Americans during the Pacific War was directly correlated with the attack on Pearl harbor in 1941. Historians must be able to find truths within different events to create a narrative for the common people to learn from. In order to do that they must find truths from their research. Introduction History is the study of events that have already passed through the flow of time  [1]  . Historians interpret events and then process them into a narrative that tells causes and effects  [2]  . History cannot be seen as a whole, because there is so much information to sort through. Therefore, a historian must pick and choose what to view at in order to better understand history. The Pacific War was, in general, triggered by two events. It was the invasion of British Malaya, and the attack on Pearl Harbor; both by the Empire of Japan in 1941. Officially the war was fought between the Allies of World War II, and the Empire of Japan. The war ended with the 1945 dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima, and Nagasaki. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was an ambush set up by the Japanese against the United States Navy in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The attack on Pearl Harbor was a major blow to the United States militaristically, and politically. The event showed the world that the United States could be caught off guard, and it made America look weak to the international community  [3]  . Soon after, on 19 February 1942, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066  [4]  . This order moved Japanese Americans from the west coast of the United States to internment camps called War Relocation Camps, which was discrimination against a race, but the government allowed it  [5]  . In Part I, this essay will examine the events that led up to the attack on Pearl Harbor, and the Attack on Pearl Harbor itself. In Part II, this essay will examine the internment of Japanese Americans. Finally, Part III will discuss the link between the two events, and the reliability of sources. With this information, this essay will attempt to answer the question To what extent was the Internment of the Japanese Americans during the Pacific War caused by the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor? Part I: The Lead Up Into the Attack The United States has always entered into the World Wars late; World War II was no exception of that tradition. One of the main things that led to the attack was that tensions between the United States and the Empire of Japan were increasing. The Empire of Japan wanted to unify Asia under one flag, the flag of Japan  [6]  . Emperor Hirohito was a very militaristic type of person, he wanted to imperialize as much of Asia as possible. Japan joined the Triple Alliance with Italy and Germany on 27 September 1940. With that, the United States responded by placing an embargo against the Empire of Japan  [7]  . This was one of the main reasons that the Empire of Japan attacked the United States, because the United States was one of the main suppliers of steel, and oil to the Empire of Japan. With the Embargo placed the Japanese were left crippled. The only the Emperor could imperialize the south eastern islands was to get rid of the United States Navy which was stationed at Hawaii  [8]  . Negotiations between the United States and the Empire of Japan were mild leading up to the attack on Pearl Harbor. Admiral Kichisaburo Nomura  [9]  and Saburo Kurusu  [10]  held many long talks with the United States Sate department about Japan invading Vietnam. A part of the Japanese plan to attack Pearl Harbor was to break off negotiations between the Japanese embassy and the United States government 30 minutes before the actual attack. However the plan was not very effective since the United States government intercepted a Japanese communication that told the embassy to break negotiations  [11]  . When President Roosevelt received the decoded information he sent out alerts to all military bases. However due to technological difficulties the Pearl Harbor base was not warned in time. This was one of the reasons why the United States was caught off guard. Another reason would be that the United States did not know when or where the Empire of Japan would attack  [12]   . Part I: The Attack on Pearl Harbor The attack started at 6:00am 7 December 1941. The United States soldiers were caught by surprise because it was early in the morning and the base was low on staff. The planes of the Empire of Japan kept bombing the United States Navy for many hours without stop, until the Navy was crippled  [13]  . The response from the United States Navy was rather slow, because they thought it was a drill until they saw the red circles on the planes. Eventually the United States Navy was able to fight back, but their attempts were futile  [14]  . By the end of the attack 2,403 Americans died, including 68 civilians and 1178 service men wounded. In addition, 21 ships of the United States Pacific Fleet were sunk or heavily damaged, and more than 180 aircrafts were destroyed  [15]  . This shows just how badly the United States was humiliated by the Empire of Japan, and one of the reasons why Roosevelt would order the internment of Japanese Americans later on. The very next day, President Roosevelt delivers a speech to congress that will be known as the Day of Infamy speech. Japan has therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday speak for themselvesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [16]  As a result of this speech, Congress declares war on the Empire of Japan with an 82-0 vote from the Senate, and a 388-1 vote from the House of Representatives  [17]  .This action is reflects what the American people were feeling at that time, and the extent of their embarrassment. Secretary Knox then tries to rally the public in an attempt to encourage belief in the United States government in order for more support  [18]  . Since Americans now supported the war, and the government had declared war, it gave Roosevelt enough power to issue an order to intern the Japanese Americans. The American public had also turned on Japanese Americans because of the attack on Pearl Harbor. The American public thought that all of the people of Japanese decent were spies for the Empire of Japan  [19]  . The United States needed to think about what their next step was, and they needed to answer the question of what do they do with the Japanese Americans that are already living in the United States? There were many options of what they could have done, for example they could have deported the Japanese Americans  [20]   Part II: Japanese Internment After the attack on Pearl Harbor, some Americans suspected that the Japanese were going to come back and launch a full scale assault on the Pacific coast of the United States. The continual conquests all over East Asian in the past few years made Japan seem almost unstoppable  [21]  . Both civilians and the military had some doubt about where the loyalties of the Japanese Americans currently living in the United States, however it is more likely that this concern came from racial prejudice rather than actual evidence of espionage  [22]  . On 2 January 1942, the Joint Committee of the California Legislature sent a manifesto to the newspapers in California that attacked Japanese Americans. This manifesto argued that all people of Japanese decent were loyal only to the Emperor of Japan, and that Japanese schools in the United States were places where they taught that being Japanese was superior to being American  [23]  . Eventually, Roosevelt crumbled under the pressure of the military, and the people that Japanese Americans were dangerous to the nation. So, on 12 February 1942, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066  [24]  . Executive Order 9066 made it so that authorized military officers were allowed to designate special zones for which people are to be excluded. from which any or all persons may be excluded, and with respect to which, the right of any person to enter, remain in, or leave shall be subject to whatever restrictions the Secretary of War or the appropriate Military Commander may impose in his discretion,.  [25]  This shows that Roosevelt didnt want anything to do with the internment, because he passed off the responsibility to the Secretary of Defense. Around 120,000 Japanese Americans were held in internment camps until the end of the war. Of those 62% were second generation Japanese Americans or third generation Japanese Americans with American citizenships  [26]  . Eleven days after the order was signed by President Roosevelt, 800 hundred Japanese Americans were arrested in California, and put into internment camps  [27]  . In California, the local population was very supportive of the notion of interning the Japanese Americans. They wanted the control of aliens delegated to the Army and Navy  [28]  .California was very strict about the liberties of Japanese Americans, because they were very afraid of a full scale attack on the United States  [29]  . On 18 December 1944, The Supreme Court of the United States defined the legality of Executive Order 9066 with two cases. The first was Korematsu v. United States; where Fred Korematsu  [30]  sued the government on the legality of interning Japanese American Citizens. The decision for that case was that fighting espionage was more important than the rights of Japanese Americans  [31]  . However, there was a ruling made by the Supreme court on the same day called Ex parte Endo  [32]  . Although, on 2 January 1944 The Supreme Court abolished Executive Order 9066 and the Japanese Americans were released from their internment camps. As a result most of the Japanese Americans returned back to their lives in the United States, although some Japanese Americans went back to Japan  [33]  . The fact that the United States government released the Japanese Americans before the Pacific War shows that the United States was confident at this point in time during the war  [34]  . Part III: The Link To bring together these two events a historian must look through all that has happened and decide how it must fit in with the rest of history. The historian must find a way to fit the events into a narrative for people to make sense of. History is one long narrative of events told by people, about the lives of other people, which indicate that there is always an undertone of persuasiveness in history  [35]  . To relate how the attack on Pearl Harbor impacted the President of the United States to sign Executive Order 9066, a historian must take the known facts and draw connections between the two events. From the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt gave his Day of Infamy speech to Congress, which persuaded them to declare war against the Empire of Japan. In doing so, President Roosevelt labeled the entire Japanese race as an evil entity  [36]  . In doing so, the general public in the United States then felt as if they were in danger whenever they were around a Japanese American, which then led to discrimination, and prejudice  [37]  . With the state the general public was in, President Roosevelt started receiving notices about how he should deal with the Japanese Americans in the United States. He was pressured so much that he was eventually forced to sign Executive Order 9066 in order to maintain his popularity with the American Citizens  [38]  . The public at this time was very afraid of terrorism, espionage, and sabotage from the Empire of Japan, because of the damage they caused in the attack on Pearl Harbor. With so much compelling evidence, it can be quite clear that there was a connection between the attack on Pearl Harbor, and the decision to enact Executive Order 9066. To show to what extent these two events are connected, a historian would argue that if the Empire of Japan did not bomb Pearl Harbor, there would not have been a great of a fear against the Japanese. Therefore, there would have been less prejudice against Japanese Americans in the United States, and the United States might not have joined World War II. This can be shown by the congressional address that President Roosevelt gave the day after Pearl Harbor, I ask that Congress declareà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ war has existed between the United States and the Empire of Japan  [39]  . With that in mind it is very clear that the attack on Pearl Harbor had a major impact in the decision to place Japanese Americans into internment camps for three years, during the Pacific War. Part III: Analysis There are many problems with history; one would be the individual bias of the historian who is recording a certain part of history. How historians record history is to pick and choose information, and decide what they themselves think is true and what is not true. With this in mind, one usually would ask the question: how reliable are the sources available?  [40]   The article published by the New York Times on 15 February 1942, Knox Statement on Hawaii, only shows what Secretary Knox had to say about the attack on Pearl Harbor. It was written by someone else other than Knox, and therefore already has an individual bias. However, bias is not a bad thing necessarily, because a historian who knows that a document is bias can make inferences on what the author was thinking or feeling at the time. So, for this actual document, it portrays the perception of what the east coast of the United States about the attack on Pearl Harbor. However, the east coast is not the place of great fear at this time, because it is far away from the Empire of Japan. Therefore, the readers could not experience the same fear or danger as the people in the west coast of the United States. The limits of this source would be that it only portrays what secretary Knox want the public to view him, and how he wants the public to view the situation instead of the public perception itself. Another limit would be that since it is a newspaper article, the reader would not know Knoxs true feelings on the subject; because of the image he wants of himself for the public to see is what is shown on the article. Another source that should be assessed for reliability is the biography of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, No Ordinary Time, by Doris Kearns Goodwin. President Roosevelt did not write a memoir for his presidential years, so it is very hard to find out what his actual feelings were about the predicaments he faced as President of the United States. However, this biography still is useful, because it shows the historian how he responded to certain situations. It provides the reader the image of what the author thought President Roosevelt was like. Although the bias is shifted towards the authors perception of President Roosevelt, a historian can still make use of the information presented in the biography, because it is a reflection of what President Roosevelt has done during his presidential years. It should also be noted that Goodwin is a very experienced presidential historian, and has done other biographies of other presidents besides Franklin Roosevelt, such as Lyndon B. Johns on, and John F. Kennedy. The limits of this source would be that it was not written by President Roosevelt, so the reader would not know what he was actually thinking or how he felt about a certain subject. Also, the biography only shows what the president did and his life; it does not discuss in great depth the lives of the Japanese Americans in the internment camps, or the lives of the soldiers involved with the attack on Pearl Harbor. Another important limit to discuss would be that it only shows one side of the Pacific War, the American side. In the biography the view points of the Empire of Japan are never discussed. This means that the reader would never know the views of the Japanese. Conclusion It appears that the answer to the question To what extent was the Internment of the Japanese Americans during the Pacific War caused by the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor? is greatly. The evidence that exists out in the world shows that the Empire of Japan was the one who decided to take action first, and draw the United States into World War II. When the Empire of Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, the citizens of the United States were genuinely afraid of the Japanese. This in turn led to paranoia throughout the United States, which led to Executive Order 9066. Historians are able to draw the connections between these two events, because of how much they have in common with each other. The truth is that history is never absolute. There can never be an absolute truth, because there is always more than one way to analyze an event. When linking to events together, and arguing that one was the cause of the other is a major analytical jump. There will always be the argument about how they are not linked at all. The only way history could be absolute is that all of the historians come to a consensus about how a certain document is to be analyzed, because once that happens they are all picking and choosing the same pieces of information  [41]  . In the end, historians must settle on something, even though it may be temporary. They will continue to research and debate whether something is true or not. Although historians exist to question the past and make conjectures about why events happened the way they did, it may not be correct, because of the reliability of the documents they are basing their conjectures off of  [42]  . It is impractical to say whether President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, because of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. What is known is that both of these events did happen, and that history is not always reliable.