The Islamic And Christian Faith Essay - 2058 Words

he first, second, and third Crusade took place during the time of chivalry. Close to the end of the 11th century was the time in which the First Crusade had begun. The Islamic and Christian faith had similar views toward Jerusalem as their Holy Land. In 1095, Pope Urban II called for the first crusade to then later claim the land of Jerusalem from the Muslims. As time went on, the Saracens rebelled against the Crusaders in defense of their culture and rights. The theme of crusades is vividly discussed in literature with a various number of viewpoints in regards to the reasoning and background of these historical events. The thought process behind the Crusades and the motive to push this war into action was originally believed that it was for the sake of preserving sacredness of religions, but in reality, the reasoning is much further from the truth than one would think and the terrible outcomes of it are even greater. he Crusades was not a rational movement that could easily be expla ined purely because of it economical or territorial ambition, neither would it be explained due to a clashing or rights and interests. Both the Christians and Muslims were fueled by myths and passions that were far more effective in getting people to act than any political matter would. And so the years of war have followed. The main spark to this prodigious war was when Emperor Alexis I of the Byzantine Empire requested assistance to Christian nations in order to defend its capital city ofShow MoreRelatedThe Conflict Between Christian Faith And Those Of Islamic Faith2195 Words   |  9 Pagesseparation between those of Christian faith and those of Islamic faith. If additional diligence in research is provided, any one of these observers begins to find the endlessly deeper self-versus-other struggles present on both sides, specifically amongst the Christian military. Numerous accounts from Christian actors serve to support this argument; the recorded thoughts of both soldiers and i ntellectuals detail the surprising amount of divisions between what should be the Christian united. The relationshipRead MoreA Comparison between Islam and Christianity1007 Words   |  5 Pagesreligion and its meaning. Some people see religion as a reason for being, while others might use their religion as a way to remain connected to home, or even blame it for every horrible act between humans. When first looking at the Islamic faith and the Christian faith they may seem very different from each other but when we take a closer look at them and compare them we can find a lot of very important similarities between the two religions. When doing research for this assignment I came across manyRead MoreEssay Understanding Islamic Religion and Culture1221 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is your view on the Islamic religion and culture? Did you know they are the fastest growing religion in the world today, with eighty-percent now developing outside the Arab world(Belt, Don) Today’s ge neration does not show much interest or knowledge of their own religion; let alone the Islamic people. Most people only expose themselves to information that matches their own opinions and beliefs. Instead of learning and exploring new things about the world they stick to what they know becauseRead MoreThe Function Of Prayer And The Islamic Faith1430 Words   |  6 Pagesnature of the one who prays.†Ã¢â‚¬â€¢ Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard   Islam is a monotheistic faith which centers around the sovereignty of Allah, the five pillars of faith, and the sanctity of the Qur’an.   Christianity views Islamic prayer as an opportunity for the real God reveal the truth to Muslims.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Islam is the fastest-growing major religion in the world† (Taylor).   In Islam, Allah is almighty (Qur’an Sura 67:2).   The five pillars of faith, Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Hajj and Sawm, are a constant reminder of a Muslim’sRead MoreThe practises, beliefs and values of Christianity and Islam have an impact on Australia society;1600 Words   |  7 Pagestheir day to day lives. Christianity has always been a highly popular religion throughout Australia as it was brought here with the English settlers throughout the early settlement. The increase in the Islamic population in the later part of the 20th century has led to visible influence of the Islamic religion on the Australian culture. The five pillars of Islam being the core beliefs has affected the workplace decisions as well as supermarkets for Muslims. The different influences of these religionsRead MoreCompare And Contrast The Three Pillars Of Islam1157 Words   |  5 PagesCompared to Christian Beliefs In Islam and Christianity, there are similar and different beliefs and practices. In Islam, the five pillars form the core of the religion. Muslims go about their lives abiding by these pillars (â€Å"Islam†). In Christianity, there are not necessarily pillars, but there are commandments that one should live their life by (â€Å"Christianity†). The three pillars of Islam that will be identified resemble some of the beliefs in Christianity. The declaration of faith, prayer, andRead MoreIslam Vs. Christianity Www / Watch? V = Uzgffxpmm1m1489 Words   |  6 Pagesreligious groups. In 2010, Christians comprised nearly thirty-one percent of the world population, with Islamic individuals coming in a close second composing twenty-three percent of the global population. (http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/04/02/397042004/muslim-population-will-surpass-christians-this-century-pew-says). This evidence suggests that among all religions in the world, most of Earth’ s inhabitants have chosen to adhere to both Christian and Islamic morals. However, even thoughRead MoreJudaism, Islam, and Christianity Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pagesinclude: religious texts and also how they approach God in prayer. One similarity that has high significance in the world of all three religions is the importance of Abraham. Abraham is referred to in the Old Testament that is used in both the Jewish faith and Christianity. Also Islam’s refer to Abraham as well as the man that had to make the sacrifice of giving up his son. His obedience was highly regarded and recognized throughout these religions. Through the many passages throughout each sacred bookRead MoreReligions : Commons Goals Vs. Pretend Pluralism Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pagespracticed religions. Those that participate and practice the Islamic religion are referred to as Muslims, meaning one who submits. Allah is the god that is worshiped by the Islamic religion who is related to El, or Elohim. Muhammad lived from 570 CE to 632 CE, near Mecca. Muhammad was a prophet of the Islamic religion, but is not worshipped as a god. He is not divine, but did receive a revelation from the Islamic god, Allah. The Islamic religion is str ictly monotheistic. Allah is both transcendentRead More Trinity of Beliefs Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pages We study different religious faiths in order to understand other people. Many people have strong religious convictions, and it would be impossible to understand them without first understanding their faith. Which is why when studying the early Western World the religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, which are all closely related, are examined. All three of these religions are Western, they are monotheistic, and together they form the Abramic religions. Judaism is the oldest, dating from around

The Myth Of Fourteenth Century Europe - 845 Words

During a period within fourteenth century Europe, a pestilence known as the bubonic plague swept across eastern Asia and into England via trade, leaving millions dead in its wake. The Black Plague arrived at a time of war and famine in Europe, only further devastating the lives of medieval citizens. Religiously, socially, and politically, there were no immediate changes from the Black Plague, however, a Catholic schism, the ability for social mobility, and standing armies would develop in the following years, ultimately leading to sizable differences in life. The essence of fourteenth century European life revolved around the Roman Catholic Church; the papacy asserted spiritual rule and every individual was devoted to God and their beliefs. Therefore, when the plague hit Europe and killed one third to one half of the entire population, people questioned God as to why He would kill entire towns across the continent. Communities prayed for forgiveness, believing they had committed a sin large enough to deserve such a disease, however, clergymen, priests, and average citizens alike fell ill to the Black Plague, and none were spared. After the plague diminished from Europe, the church had a schism which entailed three popes at a single time, and the Renaissance led to a humanistic movement where people began to turn to individualism. This new found set of ideals would further lead to a sixteenth century reformation of the church, altering the course of history. The citizens ofShow MoreRelatedThe Italian Renaissance Essay749 Words   |  3 P agesand learning among art, law, language, literature, philosophy, science, and mathematics. This period took place between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries. The Renaissance in Italy flourished in the 15th century and spread throughout most of Europe in the 16th century. What was the Renaissance and why did it happen? Italian life in the 14th and 15th centuries was lived among the vast ruins of the ancient Roman Empire. The cruelty and barbarism of Rome had long been forgotten, and theRead MoreThe Effects of the Bubonic Plague in In The Wake of a Plague, by Norman Cantor685 Words   |  3 PagesIn The Wake of a Plague, written by Norman Cantor, focuses on the Black Death and the combinations of effects that it inflicted upon 14th century Europe. Cantor identifies the drastic changes in the religious, social, theological, geographical, psychological and economic aspects of Europe; although, his most intriguing points include the biomedical effects within the Plague. He recounts specific events that lead up to the plague, occurred during the plague and speaks of the aftermath concerning theRead MoreOrigin Myths and Identity in Brittany1885 Words   |  8 Pagesfrequently they exist as the result of centuries of almost clinical calculation. The re gion of France known as Brittany comes as no exception, with its separate Celtic identity, depends on royal court historians and linguists alike. The modern understanding of Breton identity exists the way it does primarily because of three rounds of origin myths, from the medieval period, the early eighteenth century, and after the French Revolution. To begin with, the use of origin myths to create a culturally independentRead MoreThe Travels of Sir John Mandeville791 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout Europe, North Africa, the Far East, and Arabia. The Travels was originally written in French and because of its immense popularity was translated into all major European languages, of which three hundred survive today. The Travels became a major source for geographical information for the next two centuries. Two notable historical figures that relied upon Mandeville’s guide were Leonardo da Vinci and Christopher Columbus. It is unknown whether Sir John Mandeville is a man or myth. HeRead More Witch Trial Phenomena Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesmagic evolve into the desperate, sadistic trials that occurred in the 16th and 17th centuries, and the idea that witchcraft was a reality rather than a myth suddenly made a comeback. Trials of individual witches in early modern Europe always began with specific accusations brought against a supposed witch by one or more of her neighbours. When the printing press was invented, writings could be distributed around Europe. The first and most significant written ideas of witchcraft available to a majorityRead MoreSir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesWomen, Courtly Love and the Creation Myth in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight #9;Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, a great epic written in fourteenth century Europe by the Pearl poet, emphasizes the opposition of Christian love to Courtly love in the 13th century through the dilemma of Sir Gawain, one of the great knights of the Arthurian round table. By examining the women in the poem, Gawains dilemma becomes a metaphor for the contrast of these two distinct types of love. The poem looksRead More Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay1588 Words   |  7 Pages Women, Courtly Love and the Creation Myth in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, a great epic written in fourteenth century Europe by the Pearl poet, emphasizes the opposition of Christian love to Courtly love in the 13th century through the dilemma of Sir Gawain, one of the great knights of the Arthurian round table. By examining the women in the poem, Gawains dilemma becomes a metaphor for the contrast of these two distinct types ofRead More Racism: a Short History Essay example1347 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst the dichotomy between civilization and savagery, specifically the resurgence of ethnoreligious bigotry that, according to him, replaces 20th century race theory in order to justify continued inequities and sociopolitical oppression worldwide in Racism: A Brief History. His book delineates the rise of modern race theory, beginning in Medieval Europe and synthesizing an explanation for the existence and success of the overtly racist regimes, the United States, South Africa, and Nazi Germany. Fred ricksonRead MoreChristians, Jews, and the Black Plague1707 Words   |  7 PagesRelations between the Christians and Jews of medieval Europe were always influenced by their unequal social and economic statuses and the religious competition that existed between them. While the Jews served a purpose in the Christian religion, this purpose meant that the more populous Christians that had come to dominate Europe only tolerated the Jews. No premise of equality existed, and the Jews came to depend on relationships with lower-level rulers to secure their relative safety. RumorsRead MoreDo You Believe? Evil? Essay1729 Words   |  7 PagesDo you believe in good? Do you believe in evil? ...if the answer is yes; then you must believe in Witchcraft. A spooky and evil subject matter that might seem cartoonish, ludicrous or maybe just a myth. Or maybe a reality persisting evil on to the 21st century and beyond towards the future? King James I of Scotland believed in witches’ in fact he claimed to have encountered witches and help prosecute plus execute them thus paving way for his guide on witches entitled: â€Å"Demonology† a book explaining

Facebook, Twitter and Other Social Websites Essay Example For Students

Facebook, Twitter and Other Social Websites Essay Social websites have become aremarkable phenomenon. There are many people who use these websites for variety of reasons. The Internet has been widely available over the past few years and Iam of the opinion that social websites are one of the most visitied websites. Iam Facebook user and therefore Ithink Ihave already obtained abasic insight into what social websites offer, what pros and cons they have, what differencies are between them and so forth. As I have already mentioned, social websites are used for many purposes. In my opinion, the main reason for being amember of asocial website is the possibility of communicating with your peers without having to meet with them. Or, to put it another way, having an account on asocial website is by far more comfortable way of keeping in touch with your friends and other people. Another facet , which has led many people to open an account on Facebook or Twitter, is that one can keep up with new information by using asocial website. When being, for instance, Facebook user, you dont have to watch TV or visit other websites to seek accurate information. Everything you look for is available there. Moreover, social websites are not only intended for chatting with afriend of yours or keeping up with news, but you are also given the opportunity to show other people the way you live. You can share photos on social websites, invite friends to abirthday party just by sending them an invitation or share astatus about something you have experienced. I personally feel that these are the major reasons why social websites are hugely popular with users of the Internet. The users are believed to be teenagers or people willing to spend their spare time on these websites. Iam afraid Idisagree. It is undeniable that even an employed person , who does not have that much free time, has become familiar with Facebook and other social websites. Everybody is literally made to have an account. Whats more, you are considered a stranger if you have no such account whatsoever. To put it more simply, can you imagine not having a mobile phone? In my view, not being a member of a social website is the same. If you make a decision to create an account, for example, Twitter account, it is at your peril. Many users are blissfully unaware of the fact that being a member of a social website can be dangerous. Some people havent come to realization that they share their personal information basically with everybody. Date of birth, place of living, photos and other information, which might be abused, can be viewed by other users. On the other hand, there are ways to protect yourself. Every single social website offers the possibility of concealing personal information from people who are not of your acquaintance. I firmly believe that everybody ought to take advantage of this, and thus prevent unknown people from seeing what they are not supposed to see. Furthermore, spending too much time on social websites poses a serious problem. If I spent too much time on Facebook, I wouldnt be able to communicate with friends of mine in real life simply because I would chat about everything on Facebook and there would be no reason to meet with my friends at all. To sum up, being a member of a social website has its advantages and disadvantages. Facebook, Twitter and other websites are great way to communicate with other people. However, one has to be fully aware that using these websites may be dangerous.

Lifetime Parental Support Love For Life [Another WR122 Paper]-RJ Love

Lifetime Parental Support Love for Life [Another WR122 paper]-RJ Love for life Raised with strict family values, I cringe to phrases like, "I can't wait to get my children out of the house," or "As soon as my children reach 18, they are on their own." I become shocked to discover that age defines the release date in which children are no longer supported by parents. Children are the offspring to which parents give birth to in life. Regardless of the age, an individual will always be a child to one's mother or father and should receive support until, and beyond, the age of being released into the world. Support is the assistance provided on earth. In order to live happily in this world, one must be supported or support themselves with food, a house, finance, security, approval, acceptance, and love. These, all of which are determined by Abraham H. Maslow, a well- respected psychologist, are the "hierarchy of needs." These are needs that everyone should have the ability to acquire. Un fortunately, the much needed support from many parents are being cut off too early. As a college student entering adulthood, I witness many peers facing very stressful times of their lives. At this time of their lives, a number of peers have been "released" from parental support, hoped to have been given to them until individual security was found. Instead, many peers have found themselves desperately "on their own." This early release from parental support comes at a crucial time to many, because it disrupts the need to prepare themselves completely for society. To too many of my fellow students, education and support is replaced by financial and emotional burdens. The weight of the many hardships that arrive, restricts a clear thinking mind, necessary for education and personal development. A child must have full support from the parents to gain knowledge and security in the world. Immature detachment of parental support, will result in the disturbance to acquire personal potentia l. Parents should think about the needs of the children and continue to support them through the many lengths and levels throughout life. We live in a complex society where love, care, advice, and assistance are of priceless value. Because living is about learning, parents should be available to their children for understanding life's dynamic possibilities. Parents helping their children learn from their past experiences will aid them to become more knowledgeable of the world and what to expect from it. The less parents teach children of past encounters, the more their children tend to repeat life's mistakes. Support should vary according to how much the child needs in order to support him or herself. Though food, house, finance, and security needs are met by the child, a parent should continue to be open with love and acceptance. Should in one day all material items disappear, the most important necessity needed to remain secure, is love and acceptance. Parenting is giving love a nd support without an expiration date. The parent-child relationship is a significant element of human nature. The relationship is devotion that a child receives from the parent and gives back to his or her own mother or father. If a child receives plenty of affection from the parents, the child will tend to give this love back, later down the road of life. From being nurtured as an infant to support of a parent of old age, if a child was brought up lovingly and supportively, it is likely that when the parents reach an elderly stage, they will also be taken care of, lovingly and supportively. Like the saying, "What comes around, goes around," life tends to perform karma in many ways throughout life. Unconditional love and support will take away the worries that many face. Unconditional love and support replaces the need for extreme individual responsibility. Responsibility is what many parents think about when making the mistake of releasing children too early into society. What parents believe as laying responsibility upon their child, actually turns into uncertainty, insecurity, lack of confidence, and sense of rejection. These experiences impair concentration required to focus on education and personal growth. In some case these experiences of uncertainty, insecurity, etc., develop

gender and media essays

gender and media essays Nowadays, advertisements cannot be separated from our daily live. Our consuming behaviour is closely affected by these advertisements. From the process of consumption, we can fulfil our desires and the pleasure of consumption as well. To increase the sales of the products, a successful advertising strategy is very important. Due to commercialism, advertisers differentiate their products with different advertising approaches, in different target audience. In this paper, I will focus on advertising approaches commonly appeared in Hong Kong womans magazine (Cosmopolitan). Through the analysis of them, I try to find out the binary division of gender roles in the specific approach. Stereotype of gender, here is defined as a set of inaccurate, simplistic generalizations about groups of individuals. Also, the binary division of gender induces different approaches of advertising, such as romance, autonomy and sexual approaches. In this paper, I would focus on the category of advertisemen t target on Female consumers in womans magazine. The advertisement (refer to Green post-it 1) is also an advertisement of a jewellery chain store that is called Chow Tai Fok. There is one lady and three men in this advertisement, the lady with larger size displays on the left hand side whereas the man with smaller size displays on the right hand side. Those men hold a bunch of flowers and want to touch the woman whereas she points out her body figure without any facial expression at a diamond ring on her finger. Those men look at the woman with an admire scene. Meanwhile, the advertising background focuses on a lady in the middle class. Using the concept of courtship can address their group. The advertisement is vague setting with dark environment. The woman, who has stood in the middle of the men, by showing her powerful. In addition, female is meddlesome, for instance, the woman like to put her finger on her body while other people around ...

Understanding Sender Parameter in Delphi Event Handlers

Understanding Sender Parameter in Delphi Event Handlers Event handlers and the Sender procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject) ; begin    ... end; Button1Click OnClick event The parameter Sender references the control that was used to call the method. If you click on the Button1 control, causing the Button1Click method to be called, a reference or pointer to the Button1 object is passed to Button1Click in the parameter called Sender. Lets Share Some Code For example, suppose we want to have a button and a menu item do the same thing. It would be silly to have to write the same event handler twice. To share an event handler in Delphi, do the following: Write the event handler for the first object (e.g. button on the SpeedBar) Select the new object or objects - yes, more than two can share (e.g. MenuItem1) Go to the Event page on the Object Inspector. Click the down arrow next to the event to open a list of previously written event handlers. (Delphi will give you a list of all the compatible event handlers that exist on the form) Select the event from the drop-down list. (e.g. Button1Click) OnClick procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject) ; begin    {code for both a button and a menu item}    ...    {some specific code:}    if Sender Button1 then   Ã‚   ShowMessage(Button1 clicked!)    else if Sender MenuItem1 then   Ã‚   ShowMessage(MenuItem1 clicked!)    else   Ã‚   ShowMessage( clicked!) ; end; Note: the second else in the if-then-else statement handles the situation when neither the Button1 nor the MenuItem1 have caused the event. But, who else might call the handler, you could ask. Try this (youll need a second button: Button2) : procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject) ; begin   Ã‚   Button1Click(Button2) ;   Ã‚   {this will result in: clicked!} end; IS and AS if Sender is TButton then   Ã‚   DoSomething else   Ã‚   DoSomethingElse; Edit box procedure TForm1.Edit1Exit(Sender: TObject) ; begin    Button1Click(Edit1) ; end; {... else} begin    if Sender is TButton then   Ã‚  Ã‚   ShowMessage(Some other button triggered this event!)    else if Sender is TEdit then   Ã‚  Ã‚   with Sender as TEdit do   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Text : Edit1Exit has happened;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Width : Width * 2;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Height : Height * 2;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   end {begin with} end; Conclusion As we can see, the Sender parameter can be very useful when used properly. Suppose we have a bunch of Edit boxes and Labels that share the same event handler. If we want to find out who triggered the event and act, well have to deal with Object variables. But, lets leave this for some other occasion.

Executive Summaries of Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Executive Summaries of Article - Essay Example Items that have to be shown in investing activity are shown as operating activity. Moreover, when such items are rectified for classification, the re-statement of the figures is not done (Daniel, Susan, & Dana, 2007). Controls should be so efficient that they are capturing the correct classification of the items each year. Such misclassifications mislead the users of the statement of cash flows. Secondly, when classifications are done, they should be re-stated as per the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Since, this re-statement is not being done, the ratio of current years and that of comparatives are also being distorted. Such inconsistency in the ratios affects the decision making of the investors. 1. Untrained Staff: There is untrained staff, which is not capable of preparing Ha cash flow. The staff is not technically sound due to lack of knowledge and training. Many a times the staff is not even capable of adjusting the profit for non-cash items. Qualified and experienced staff should be hired to remove these errors. 2. Lack of Adequate Review: It is observed that the senior management does not appropriately review the statement of cash flows. There are some complex items in the cash flow, which come in the form of balancing figures such as taxes paid. These figures are difficult to be calculated. Junior staff may manipulate such figures to balance the cash flow statement. Such manipulation could be rectified at initial stage if reviews are done in detail. 3. Misclassification of Balance Sheet items: It is observed that the balance sheet items are not classified appropriately. The items of short-term investments such as securities, which are highly liquid in nature, are classified as a cash equivalent. Such misclassification eradicates the item from investing items in the cash flow. 4. Consolidation weaknesses: The consolidation process is a complex process that

Exercise Chapter 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exercise Chapter 4 - Assignment Example Aligning IT with a project is necessary is essential to improve administration and service delivery. Good administration improves accountability, risk-return balance and cost structures (Guglielmo, 2009). It integrates all aspects of project management from plan execution to monitoring the success of all components of the project. Managing project work is an intricate process that involves coordination of efforts from different levels of an organization. It demands exemplary integration of project management principles and techniques. The management of two projects, Adelaide Desalination Project Adelaide, Australia SA Water Corporation, and Prairie Waters Project, Aurora, Colorado, USA, commendably directed and managed their project work. The projects received recognition in the â€Å"PMI Project of the Year award† in the year 2013 and 2011 respectively. The Adelaide Desalination Project, which the South Australian and Australian governments, AdelaideAqua, and the Kaurna community undertook, was a project completed by South Australian Water Corporation (Kumar and Farinola, 2012). Communication was the overall consideration by the organization because it involved the coordinated efforts of separate authorities, (AdelaideAqua, a consortium of McConnell Dowell Constructors, Abigroup Contractors, Acciona A gua and Trilit), and community leaders. Agility and risk management were also two considerations that ensured success of the project. The team maintained an aggressive schedule through creating inspection processes and strict risk-assessment (Kelly, 2013). Separately, Prairie Waters Project, Aurora, Colorado, USA, was completed two months before its proposed date of completion because of exemplary project management skills (Learnard and Kelly, 2011). The project managers attribute the success of the project, which was also below budget, to trimming unnecessary features from the plant and excellent planning (Illescas,

The Views of Adam Smith Essay Example for Free

The Views of Adam Smith Essay The views of Adam Smith, the Declaration of the Rights of Women, Declaration of Independence, and the Declaration of the Rights of Men have a few similarities and some differences. The similarities were difficult to find based on most of what Smith thinking was centered on economics. However, the works of Adam Smith and these three declarations all share a common theme on rights of human beings. For instance, Adam Smith was against slavery and his views were that he wanted it to be abolished. The thinking was on the same level thinking as was the three declaration views toward how men and women should be treated. The thoughts of all the authors were geared to place the individual before all; including profit. Adam Smith and the three declarations were quite different in many ways. One major difference among them were that the declaration were mainly concerning how individual should be treated. The declaration sought the government to be fair and just towards the treatment of both men and women. Whereas Adam Smith was in the infant stage of early economics and how capitalism could and would be fueled by human self-interest. Smith placed a lot of emphasis on what he termed as laws of the market; specifically addressing issues pertaining to goods that are produced for society. The declarations are pleading to the government for equal treatment in all phases of society, however the importance of the market is not the main concern in the declarations. Adam Smith is simply interested in how society managed to sustain itself through mechanism that are somewhat â€Å"invisible hand.† As Heilbroner 1999 questions, â€Å"How is it possible for a community in which everyone is busily following his self-interest not fly apart from sheer centrifugal force?† From these questions Smith was able to construct the laws of the market. Smith interest was in relation to how the individual interest and passion of men are in line with what society is in agreement with. The laws of the market is what Smith believes is the most influential part of society and its success or failure is based and dependent upon it. Smith see how an individual that is driven by self-interest in society coupled with similar motivated individuals will consequently end in competition. This competition directly leads to goods and quantities that society wants and desires. His intellect along years of studies and debating with some of the most gifted scholars of his time has granted to the conclusion that the self-interest and motivation of man solely for profit has to have a regulator to control the greed of profiteers. The regulator to which he defers to is called competition. Smith is able to see that for each man that wants to do the best for himself and reap maximum profits, will always be met the a similar individual with the same motives in mind. Smith views confirms with the views and demands of the authors of the three declarations. Smith was not in agreement with all the practices in his day as he displayed his understanding of the market and pre-capitalism. Even his day there those who would cheat the markets by rigging prices. He understood the exploitation of children for labor in the cotton mills were wrong. These practices was not his ideal way that the market and the future of should proceed but he knew that this the approach and the path in which it was following. It also confirm that even with the negatives that accompanied the market, these activities continued because society including felt that they were necessary evils attached to the overall progression of society. The Declaration of Man best describes the world as we know it today. This is based on the articles that are attached to this document. Although this declaration was drafted and written in 1789, some if not most of the pleas and demands are still being sought in today’s society. One of articles states, â€Å"That men are born and remain free and equal in rights.† However, this particle article was evident in society as late as the 1960s. During this time the Civil Rights struggle was need to simply grant Black (Negros) the right to vote, attend integrated schools, sit at the same lunch tables, or simply sit in the front of a public bus. The seventeenth article of the Declaration of Man states, â€Å"Since property is inviolable and sacred right, no one should be deprived thereof except where public necessity†¦..† This article also was not enforced until almost a one hundred years later and even then people of color ran into many obstacles when approaching property ownership. Even Smith time there was the rich who sole goal was to accumulate more wealth. Smith himself did not approve of giving to the needy or donation to charities. However Smith was not vain to believe in the accumulation of wealth simply to have more; Smith felt that capital was better suited to be invested into machinery to further the progress of the society.

Essay --

En este papel voy hablar de la historia del narcotrà ¡fico y del mal que le ha traà ­do al mundo. La guerra contra el narcotrà ¡fico, o lucha contra la delincuencia organizada en Mà ©xico, es un conflicto interno que enfrenta el estado Mexicano contra las bandas que controlan diversas actividades ilegales, principalmente el trà ¡fico ilegal de drogas. Desde 2006, cuando comenzà ³ la intervencià ³n del ejà ©rcito Mexicano, el objetivo principal del gobierno ha sido la de acabar con la violencia relacionada con las drogas. Ademà ¡s, el gobierno Mexicano ha afirmado que su objetivo principal es el desmantelamiento de los poderosos carteles de la droga, en lugar de en prevenir el trà ¡fico de drogas, que se deja a los funcionarios de los Estados Unidos. Aunque los cà ¡rteles Mexicanos de la droga, o las organizaciones de trà ¡fico de drogas, han existido desde hace varias dà ©cadas, se han vuelto mà ¡s poderosos desde la desaparicià ³n de los carteles de Cali y Medellà ­n en Colombia en la dà ©cada de 1990. Carteles de la droga mexicanos dominan ahora el mercado mayorista de drogas ilà ­citas, y en 2007 controlaban el 90% de la cocaà ­na que entra a Estados Unidos. Las detenciones de los principales là ­deres de los cà ¡rteles, en particular en los cà ¡rteles de Tijuana y del Golfo, ha provocado un aumento de la violencia del narcotrà ¡fico como los cà ¡rteles luchan por el control de las rutas de trà ¡fico hacia los Estados Unidos. Los analistas estiman que los ingresos al por mayor de la venta de drogas ilà ­citas van de $ 13.6 mil millones a $ 49.4 mil millones al aà ±o. Al final de la administracià ³n de Felipe Calderà ³n (2006-2012), la cifra oficial de muertos de la guerra contra las drogas de Mà ©xico fue de al menos 60.000, aunque las cuentas no confirmadas establecen la tasa de homici... ...tado en la zona desde 1980. En las dà ©cadas anteriores a este periodo, el consumo no se generalizà ³, no mas principalmente entre personas de nivel socioeconà ³mico alto, los intelectuales y los artistas. Los cargamentos de droga se retrasan en las ciudades fronterizas de Mà ©xico antes de la entrega a los EE.UU., lo que ha contribuido probablemente a las altas tasas de consumo local de drogas. A pesar del hecho de que los cà ¡rteles Mexicanos de la droga y sus proveedores Colombianos generan, lavar y retirar $18000 millones a 39 millones de dà ³lares de los Estados Unidos cada aà ±o, los EE.UU. y los gobiernos Mexicanos han sido criticados por su falta de voluntad o la lenta respuesta para hacer frente a los diversos cà ¡rteles operaciones financieras, incluyendo el lavado de dinero. Los carteles no mas ponen en peligro a su paà ­s y les train mucho mal que no le conviene a Mà ©xico.

Environmental Issue (Moral Studies)

FACULTY OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MPW2153 MORAL STUDIES DRAFT REPORT TITLE: ENVIRONMENTAL AND POLLUTION Group member: 1. Tai Fei Li 2. Tan Ling Qiao Date of submission:21/3/2013 Lecturer: Madam Rohaidah Binti Mashudi INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, a variety of environmental problems affect our entire world. It becomes a popular issues among societies. Therefore, we want to do some research about this issue and find out a few solutions for this matter. OBJECTIVES: * To determine the types of environmental pollutions. To exploring the factors of environmental pollutions. * To recommend the effective methods to cope with environmental pollutions problems. DISCUSSION: Types of environmental pollution 1. Air pollution 2. Water pollution 3. Soil pollution 4. Sound pollution 5. Radioactive pollution 6. Thermal pollution Causes of environmental pollution 1. Usage of fossil fuels 2. Agriculture sector 3. Trading activities 4. Residential sector Ways to reduce environmental pollution 1. R educe , Re-use and Recycle 2. Put less load on your furnace and air conditioner. . the authorities should conduct continuous inspections, move out polluting industries or encourage them to modernize with latest technology. 4. Join national groups to put pressure on governments and corporations to cut down on their energy consumption. 5. Build efficient railway system to reduces vehicle used or encourage car pooling. MORAL PERSPECTIVES: We decide to use ethics theories which include social morality, personality virtue for this report. CONCLUSION: Pollution is a global crisis. Stop environmental pollution is everybody’s duty.It is important to encourage your family and friends to help take care of the world in which we live. REFERENCE: * Website http://environmental. laws. com/types-of-pollution http://www. pollutionpollution. com/2012/05/types-of-pollution. html http://www. pages. drexel. edu/~cy34/ * TextBook Environmental Pollution Studies(1999). Environmental Pollution Stud ies. Publisher by LIVERPOOL UNIVERSITY PRESS VIDEOS: I believe in a world free of pollution and war. It may seem to be a far off dream of impossibility but I do think one day we can reach that goal.We must join together on a united front and never back down. It's not only about us in the right here right now, but about our children, our children's children, and so on. I dream of a world of good and peace, a world where we fear not the air we breathe or the water we drink. We need not worry about the streets we travel down, or countries we'd like to visit. This world was a gift to us and I believe we need to take better care of this precious gem. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=V5MN5VU_pYE http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=X6ociuRh3zo

Picaresque Novel

Callie Dahlhauser Lora Devereaux Composition II April 3, 2013 A Picaresque Novel The picaresque novel is an early type of novel originating from the Spanish word picaro. Picaro means a rogue or an adventurer. This type of novel describes the journeys that the main character or â€Å"picaro† take part in. The main character is usually of low social class and manipulates their way through life instead of working for what they want.The main point of the picaresque novel is to present the main character and reveal his/her adventures (Murfin). There are seven key qualities that determine if a novel is picaresque or not. First, the novel will tell of the rogue’s life usually in first person. Second, the rogue comes from low social class and is very basic. Third, the novel is made up of â€Å"episodes† that are put together to create the whole. Forth, the main character will not change personality throughout this story. Fifth, the novel is going to portray realism. Sixt h, the picaro does not engage in criminal activities.Seventh, there is a variety of social classes thrown in throughout the novel (Harmon). Picaresque novels are told in first-person point of view and discuss thoroughly the social class of the characters. The picaresque novel is very much discontinuous and structureless. The point of this type of novel is to address the life story of the mischievous main character. This character relies on his intellects to get him far in life rather than hard labor. This adventurous character participates in escapades where he barely succeeds to escape ( Harmon).In a picaresque novel, the central character does not develop into someone else. They start of being a picaro in the beginning and end the same way. They describe the life of the rogue or even just part of their lives. Their qualities stay the same as does the main characters social status. As mentioned before, these types of novels lack structure and usually involve unrelated parts that co me together as a whole (Murfin). Many classify picaresque novels to be romantic because of the adventurous storyline.The picaresque novel however is actually marked as being realistic. Because of the fact that the settings in these stories are very life-like, it gives the novel a realistic texture. The novel is presented with simplicity of language also. It can also be considered realistic because of the in depth detail that is portrayed throughout the novels (Bloom). The rogue in these novels usually does not involve themselves in criminal mischief. They lack virtue which means they rely on tricks and pranks to get them what they want.Many times if the picaro is employed they do tedious work and do not fully apply themselves. In these novels, there is no plot. The story is made up of loosely connected adventures and stories (Harmon). One example of a picaresque novel is Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Huck Finn is the picaro in the story and the novel tells of h is adventures. He was born of the low social status and wandered into danger during his adventures. Huck fits the definition of a rogue because of the fact that he is a loner.He feels more comfortable on his own and away from society’s cruel judgments (Bloom). Another great example of a picaresque novel is The Unfortunate Traveller, or, The Life of Jack Wilton. This is considered the first English example of a Picaresque novel. The narrator, Jack Wilton, tells of his adventures throughout the wars against the French. He describes the dangers he encounters and the tragedy that he witnesses. Another way that makes this novel picaresque is because of the fact that Jack Wilton travels and comes into contact with many different societies (Bloom).Another example of a picaresque novel is One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey. It is considered picaresque because of the corrupt society and the humor seen throughout the novel by the picaro. Randle McMurphy is the novels m ain character and picaro. During the novel, he is faced with many different challenges. One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest tells of his adventures of being in the mental institute and describes his carefree personality ( Bloom). Although picaresque novels came about in the 16th century, the picaresque genre is still used frequently today.Picaresque novels have greatly influenced literature (Bloom). Works Cited Bloom, Harold. â€Å"Episodic Novel. † Blooms Literary Reference Online. N. p. : n. p. , 2012. N. pag. Facts on File. Web. 3 Apr. 2013. Harmon, William. â€Å"Picaresque Novel. † A Handbook to Literature. 11th ed. New Jersey: Pearson, 2009. 416-17. Print. Murfin, Ross, and Supryia M. Ray. â€Å"Picaresque Novel. † The Bedford Glossary of Critical and Literary Terms. 3rd ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 382-83. Print.

Excessive Use of Common Printer Essays

Excessive Use of Common Printer Essays Excessive Use of Common Printer Essay Excessive Use of Common Printer Essay Last week, the Supply Manager reported a sudden increase in the utilization of office paper and ink of the common printer. However, based on the central data, work loads have not increased so surprisingly the upsurge in the use of the common printer is not work-related. Many non-work-related printed documents were recovered from the printer area. More so, there were a lot of papers wasted and scattered all over the mentioned area. In addition, the frequency of refilling the ink cartridge have also doubled. These are the main concerns that are needed to be addressed to conserve and maximize office supplies.Causes of Excessive Use of Common PrinterBased on the investigation conducted, the following were deemed the causes of excessive use of common printer:l   Most of the employees have used the printer to print personal files.l   Many of the file printed have large dark fonts and colored graphics.l   Since printing is a free service, many employees take advantage of this feature by printing in bulk to save money on their part.Effects of Excessive Use of Common PrinterBecause of the misuse of the common printer, the following are the consequences:l   Wastage of office paper.l   Rapid decrease of ink levels of printer cartridges.l   Frequent occurrence of paper jam and printer jam due to the bulk of printer jobs that can interfere in the work flow in the workplace.l   Additional cost for the budget of supplies.l   Cluttered printer area that negatively affects the ergonomics of the workplace.Recommendations to Stop the Excessive Use of Common PrinterThe following are suggested to lessen and even eliminate the excessive use of common printer:l   Print only materials needed for work.l   Printing of personal files should be banned.l   When printing, make sure that the a paper should be maximized. The length, font size and quality of printing should always be taken in consideration when printing to prevent the excessive use of paper.l   Scrap pa pers should be recycled.l   There should be a central monitoring station that will regulate the printing in the whole office to prevent abuse.

Tips to Searching the Google News Archive

Tips to Searching the Google News Archive Google News Archive offers a wealth of digitized historic newspapers online - many of them for free. The Google newspaper archive project was discontinued by Google many years ago but, although they stopped digitizing and adding new papers and removed their useful timeline and other search tools, the historical newspapers that were previously digitized remain. The downside of this is that,  due to poor digital scanning and OCR (optical character recognition), a simple search of the Google newspaper archive rarely pulls up anything but major headlines.  In addition, Google News has continued to deprecate their newspaper archive service, making it extremely difficult to search  for content prior to 1970, although they have hundreds of digitized newspaper titles  prior to this date.   You can improve your chances of finding great info in Google News Archive with a few simple search strategies. Use Google Web Search Searching within Google News (even the advanced search) no longer returns results older than 30 days, so be sure to use web search when searching for older articles. Google Web Search doesn’t support custom date ranges earlier than 1970 or content behind a paywall - but that doesnt mean you wont find content prior to 1970 by searching, you just cant restrict your searches to only that content. Check Availability First A full list of the digitized historical newspaper content is available online at the  Google News Archive. It generally pays to start here to see if your area and time period has coverage, although if youre looking for something interesting or potentially newsworthy (a railroad accident, for example) you may find it also reported in papers from outside the area. Restrict Sources While it is most common to search for individuals in a specific location, Google no longer offers the option to restrict your search to a particular newspaper title. Each newspaper does have a specific newspaper ID (found after nid in the URL when you select the title from the newspaper list), but the site search restriction does not consider this. Instead, try using a newspaper title in quotes, or  use just a single word from the title of the paper to restrict your search; thus a source restriction for Pittsburgh will turn up results from both the Pittsburgh Press and the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Date Restrict To search content older than 30 days, use the Google  advanced web search page  to restrict your search by date or date range. You can bypass the restriction on dates older than 1970 by using Googles site search feature on the news archive alone. This isnt precise, as it will include any mention of that date or year and not just papers published on the date youve selected, but it is better than nothing.   Example:  site:news.google.com/newspapers pittsburg 1898 Use Generic Terms Browse through several issues of your newspaper of interest to become familiar with the general layout of the paper and the terms used most often in your sections of interest. For example, if youre looking for an obituary, did they commonly use the term obituaries, or deaths or death notices, etc. to head that section? Sometimes section headers were too fancy to be recognized by the OCR process, so also look for words frequently found in the general text then use that search term to look for content. Consider whether your term is appropriate for the time period as well. If youre searching contemporary newspapers for information on World War One you will need to use search terms such as great war, because it wasnt called World War One until after the commencement of World War Two. Browse This Paper For best results when searching digitized historical newspaper content in Google, there really is no way around using the browse feature rather than search. All things considered, its still better than having to go down to the library to look at microfilm. Begin with the newspaper list to browse directly to a specific newspaper title in the Google News Archive. Once you select a title of interest, you can easily navigate to a specific date using the arrows or, even faster, by entering the date in the date box (this can be a year, month and year, or a specific date). When youre in the newspaper view, you can get back to the browse page by selecting the Browse this newspaper link above the digitized newspaper image. Locating a Missing Issue If Google appears to have newspapers from your month of interest but is missing a few particular issues here or there, then take time to view all pages of the available issues both before and after your target date. There are many examples of Google running together several newspaper issues and then listing them only under the date of the first or last issue, so you can be browsing an issue for Monday, but end up in the middle of the Wednesday edition by the time you browse all of the available pages. Downloading, Saving, and Printing Google News Archive does not currently offer a direct way to download, save, or print newspaper images. If you want to clip an obituary or other small notice for your personal files, the easiest way to do this is to take a screenshot. Enlarge your browser window with the relevant page/article from Google News Archive so that it fills your entire computer screen.Use the enlarge button in Google News Archive to enlarge the article you want to clip to an easy to read size that fits entirely within your browser window.Hit the Print Screen or Prnt Scrn button on your computer keyboard to capture a screenshot.Open your favorite photo editing software and look for the option to open or paste a file from your computers clipboard. This will open the screenshot taken of your computer browser window.Use the Crop tool to crop the article in which youre interested and then save it as a new file (try including the newspaper title and date in the file name).If youre running Windows Vista, 7 or 8, make it easier on yourself and use the Snipping Tool instead. If you cant find historical newspapers in Google Newspaper Archive for your area and time period of interest, then Chronicling America is another source for free, digitized historical newspapers from the United States. Several subscription websites and other resources also offer access to online historical newspapers.

A Good Man is Hard to Find Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Good Man is Hard to Find - Research Paper Example The short story, A Good Man is Hard to Find, is written by Flannery O’Connor. The book was written in 1953. The story, A Good Man is Hard to Find is found in the compilation of short stories, A Good Man is Hard to Find. Other individuals perceive all these occurring at once. This paper will look at how both the theme appears in the short story and how the theme appears in society. This is a short story that mainly makes people think about the probability of dramatic change in a person’s life. The old grandmother in the tale is seen as going through a miraculous and sudden change of heart after losing all members of her family and death herself. The old grandmother is tempted to kill the person who eliminated all her family members. Her actions raise a lot of questions; it is difficult to understand such an action  (Bandy 113). One is not able to explain if the grandmother’s action can be understood religiously or otherwise. This also raises questions on how an extreme event can cause such a situation. It raises questions on whether such a situation can occur at all. A Good Man is Hard to Find begins with the old grandmother protesting to her son, Bailey that she wants to go to Tennessee and not Florida, for the family holiday. Nevertheless, the family has its holiday in Florida. The old grandmother shows her family members malice by having an early day and waiting for them in the car. The old grandmother has worn her best clothes for the trip. She is dressed in her Sunday best so that in case of an accident occurs and she becomes a casualty, she will be identified as a lady. The old grandmother talks about her young days and also comments on whatever they see on the way, during the trip to Florida (O'Connor 23). The old grandmother claims that, during her early days, young people showed more respect to their parents and their homes and individuals only indulged in respectable activities. She also comments on a little pickaninny gesturing from a shack’s door. She claims that the Pickaninny almost certainly does not possess any britches. The old grandmother has a conversation with the owner of an old diner in which they were having lunch. The two were talking about a murderer and escaped convict called The Misfit. Both the grandmother and Red Sammy, the owner of the diner agree that it is difficult to find a decent man (Connie 75). Later on, when the family is back on the road, the old grandmother tries to derail the family members from their Florida trip. She tells the children tales of a nearby home she had stayed at as a young person. The grandmother intrigues the children with her stories of the home until they demand to visit the place. The children persuade their father until he accepts to take them to grandmother’s destination. The old grandmother realizes the home she had visited is not in Georgia but Tennessee. This is after they have covered some distance towards the wrong direction. She become s anxious, disturbs the cat, which is terrified, making the father lose control of the car and land in a trench below the road. After the accident, the old grandmother falsifies an internal harm to get sympathy from the family members. In contrast, the children are thrilled and perceive the accident as a quest. As the father, grandmother, and children are waiting for help, a car with three men, all with guns, approach the scene. One of the three men has glasses. He directs his accomplices to examine the car and engages the father, Bailey in courteous discussion. This is until the old grandmother recognizes him as The Misfit, the escaped convict and murderer. The Misfit directs his fellow criminals to kill the family

Dream job specification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dream job specification - Essay Example The must allow flexible working hour so that the employees may easily maintain the balance in their professional and personal life. The employees must be granted vacation days, which they must ask for without any reprimand. Design compensation and benefits package related to your dream job. My dream job must provide me with different compensations and benefits. The salary must be enough to pay back my student loan and to fulfill all the basic, social and self esteem needs of my life. The firm must also give accommodation as well as transport facility to all its employees. The compensation packages must include other firm investment in the retirement funds for all the employees. The organization must provide Health care benefits for the employees and their family. The organization must finance an annual vacation of the employees along with limited number of family members, to the location of their choice. This would give a break to the employees from all the business activities and th ey would relax their mind. The organization must also offer the productive employees compensation according to the level of their productivity this would help to foster the growth of an organization. The employee must also be given share in the profit of the organization according to their level of performance; this would encourage the employees to be more productive and would contribute towards the profitability of the organization. Rationalize your compensation and benefits package. Be sure to indicate the research and considerations that went into the design of the compensation and benefits package. Employees’ compensation does not only include the salary of the employees but all the extra rewards and benefits that employees get while working with the... The essay makes sure you rationalize your compensation and benefits package. Be sure to indicate the research and considerations that went into the design of the compensation and benefits package. Employees’ compensation does not only include the salary of the employees but all the extra rewards and benefits that employees get while working with the organization. It is the responsibility of every organization to design benefits and compensation packages for their employees. When an organization has a balanced set of salary, wages, benefits and compensation, so they remain competitive in the respective industry they are operating in. Then the essay makes you imagine this is the only position of its kind in the organization. As an architect there are various factors that may affect my performance in the organization. It is the responsibility of the human resource manager to observe, the external factors that are affecting the performance of the employees. There are several facto rs that may be held responsible for affecting my performance in an organization; these factors may be; dissatisfaction in the working environment, work overload, etc. In the conclution, the essay makes you rationalize your performance appraisal program. Be sure to indicate the research and considerations that went into the design of the performance appraisal program. Performance appraisal is an important aspect of HRM. Performance appraisal is of great importance in the theoretical studies as well as in the practical life.

History of the KKK and their influence in society Research Paper

History of the KKK and their influence in society - Research Paper Example The history of KKK can be broadly divided into three: first, second and third. To be specific, the first Klan can be connected with its origin, the second with its growth/development and the third with its decline. As pointed out, the first Klan can be considered as the origin of KKK in America. For instance, the first Klan was formed in the year 1865 in Tennessee. The retired hands from the Confederate Army were the members who established KKK as a terrorist organization to fight against the freemen. But Bullard (1996), states that â€Å"By the mid 1870s, white Southerners didn’t need the Klan as much as before because they had by that time retaken control of most southern state governments†. The name of this organization originates from Greek language, meaning ‘group or circle of brothers’. The organizational structure of the first Klan was not based upon centralization or decentralization of power because there were a number of groups based upon the same ideology of racism. During this period, the Southern states within America were deeply influenced by the first Klan. In addition, the leaders and members began to target the black population in the southern states. The people who were in favor of racial equality were treated cruelly or murdered by the Klan members. But the Force Acts passed by the authorities in 1870 and the following year were helpful to limit the anti-social deeds initiated by the Klan. In short, the first Klan can be considered as the crude form of KKK, which spread the message of racial supremacy among the people in America. The second Klan: 1915–1944 The formation of the second Klan was in Georgia, in the year 1915. So, this year can be considered as the benchmark of the growth and development of Klan as a racist organization. But Laqueur ( 1977), opines that â€Å"The Second Klan (ca. 1915- 1944) also stood for white supremacy, but at the same time it campaigned for a great many other causes such as patriotism and attacked bootleggers, crapshooters and even wife-beaters† (p.10). Later in 1921, the leaders transformed the Klan from unorganized groups to well knit organization. For instance, the second Klan adopted an innovative system to recruit new members to the organization which accelerated its popularity among the majority. From a different angle of view, large scale immigration helped the Klan to spread its influence to the Western parts of America. Besides, more and more ideas were inculcated to the initial plan to spread racism. For instance, national politics and protest against the spread of communist ideology were connected to the Klan’s initial plan. To be specific, this change helped the Klan to have wide spread popularity among the people and violent activism became the most important mode o f protest. Gradually, the second Klan became more and more centralized. This was helpful to co-ordinate the

E Governance Research Paper

E Governance Research Paper E-governance means electronic governance. It is application of Information Technology in government functioning in order to have good and smart governance. Smart here refers to Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive and Transparent. This involves using information and communication technology by government agencies to have transparent dealings with different users. Thereare many reasons for which e governance is required. Some of them are as follows: (a) Information exchange with citizens, businesses or other government departments (b) Speedy way of doing work (c) Time and cost saving (d) Efficient delivery of public services (e) Improving internal controls (f) Increasing revenue (g) Re-structuring of administrative processes (h) Providing quality services Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has provided means for faster and better communication, quality services, efficient storage, effective work, processing of data and exchange and utilization of information to its users. It helps in providing better controls and increasing revenue. All individuals, groups, businesses, organizations or governments are benefited by the advantages of ICT. It is a faster, more accurate and simpler means of word-processing and is now being used as a tool for tabulating data which finally helps in decision making. With increasing awareness of using computers and internet many users are benefited and they are motivated to modify their ways of doing things in order to en-cash the advantages provided by ICT.This has led to re-engineering of business processes. The process of re-engineering helps in faster and better processing of information and thus a better decision making, greater reach and better utilization of resources .This helps in having overall good governance. In the case of citizens, it provides enhanced access to information and government agencies, efficient service delivery and transparency in dealings and also acts as an information tool to the government.With the increasing awareness among citizens about their rights their expectation has totally changed .Today they expect government agencies to be transparent in their dealings, accountable for its activities and faster in its responses. For this use of ICT helps in achieving good governance. The technologies used helps in achieving a wide range of objectives. There is equitableand faster development with a wider reach. Today Ethics in Governance, with the help of tools of modern technology such as Information and Communications Technology (ICT) should be used to transform the relationship of the government with its employees, citizens and businesses, and also between its own agencies. It has been recognised that e-Governance is the logical step with the use of ICT in systems of governance in order to ensure wider participation and deeper involvement of citizens, institutions, civil society groups and the private sector in the decision making process of governance. REQUISITES OF E GOVERNANCE For effective e governance the foremost requirement is that workplace has to be fully computerized.Computer is the mostImportant requirement for e governance.Computers should be connected so that online work is possible.There has to be some online work flow procedure. Government employees should be trained so that they can work on the software. The training is required so that they become user friendly with the software. Services should be fully accessible. It also insist in removing the paper based system and making everything computerized to increase the transparency of work and a speedy flow of work is possible. TYPES OF INTERACTIONS IN E GOVERNANCE G2G (Government to Government) In this case, there is interaction within government agencies to improve the efficiency and overall output. The interaction can be within a government organisation or between two government organisations. Information and Communications Technology helps not only to restructure the governmental processes involved in the functioning of government entities but also aids in increasing the flow of information and services within and between different entities. The interactions can be either vertical or horizontal. Horizontal i.e. between different government agencies as well as between different functional areas within an organisation and vertical i.e. between national, provincial and local government agencies .There is also interactions between different levels within an organisation. The primary objective of G2G is to increase efficiency, performance and output. May be horizontal or vertical Functioning of government agencies Increase in efficiency Improved performance Efficient output G2C (Government to Citizens) In this case, there is an interaction between government and citizen. A common platform is created between the government and citizens which enables the citizens to benefit from large range of public services. This provides the availability and accessibility of public services on the one hand and improves the quality of services on the other.Here is a two way communication model in which there are direct interactions between government and citizens involving transparent dealings between the parties. It gives citizens the choice of when to interact with thegovernment (e.g. 24 hours a day, 7 days a week), from where to interact with the government (e.g. service centre, unattended kiosk or from ones home/workplace) and how to interact with the government (e.g. through internet, fax, telephone, email, face-to-face, etc). The primary purpose is to make government, citizen-friendly. Acts as an interface between govt. and consumer Expands accessibility to public services Makes the government citizen friendly Ensure transparent dealings Examples of G2C Transactions: Online paying of bills Filing of FIR Licensing and registration Procurement and Bidding Tax and fee payments Citizen help desk Public Information network Search property assessment values Property tax payments Information about political processes and services E seva Exemplifies democracy Increased citizen participation Passport queries G2B (Government to Business) In this model there is interaction between government agency and business organisations. E-Governance tools are used to help the business community providers of goods and services interact with the government. The objective is to cut red tapism, save time, reduce operational costs, increase revenues and to create a more transparent business environment when dealing with the government. The G2Binitiatives can be transactional, such as in licensing, permits, procurement and revenue collection. Trade, tourism and investment opportunities can be effectively handled with e governance . These measures help to provide a suitable environment to businesses and thus enable them to perform more efficiently. E governance used to aid business community Saves time Reduces cost Transparent transaction deals Increase revenue Example: 1. Payment of taxes by business houses 2. Tender applications are transparent If any business house has applied for a brand name it can also be monitored online and status can easily be known. There can be transparent dealings in all tenders and different government works. G2E (Government to Employees) In this model there is an interaction between government organisation and employees. Employees can interact with the government in regular basis. The interaction can even be vertical where the employees can give feedback at the assurance of their name held anonymous. Today through e governance they can also have a look at their TDS and pay roll status. E governance provides them with a common platform to remove their queries and thus giving an effective performance. This interaction is a two-way process between the organisation and the employee. Use of ICT tools helps in making these interactions fast and efficient on the one hand and increase satisfaction levels of employees on the other. Facilitate government and employee communication Fast and Efficient Increases satisfaction of employees Synergy in work output Removal of bias Implementation of e governance in India Indian government has taken many initiatives in the field of IT for the desired implementation of e governance in India. The plan popularly known as the E governance action plan correctly portrays the long term growth action plan for India. Its successful implementation was seen during the period of 2003-2007. It provided both the citizen centric and the business centric governance all together at the local, state and the national level. It was a good kick start an many flaws were seen thereto such as suitable system for quickly motivating the states needs to be improved, a single window for providing services to the citizens should be implemented, whether and whenever possible outsourcing of services should be implemented for quicker growth perspectives, more efforts were required to stabilize and increase the public private partnerships, improved connectivity was required. Such flaws were thoroughly noted and improved thereon. Apart from the 2003-2007 action plans, many other plans were successfully implemented. Some were: Implementation of Information Technology Act, 2000 .It helped in providing the legal framework for all the electronic transactions. The act came into force on 17 October, 2000. National Taskforce for Information Technology and Software development was established in the year 1998. Centre for E governance was created for successful linkage of the local, state and he national level and so that efficient help could be made disposable at all ends. e office was established so that offices , ministries , departments and authorities could be electronically connected. HPC i.e. the High Powered Committee was created with the cabinet secretary made its head for the successful implementation of e governance. A Joint Secretary level Officer as the IT manager was appointed in every Ministry and Department. Websites for all Ministries and Authorities was developed for the wide coverage and availability of E governance. One can surely say that E governance has been successfully implemented in India. A lot more needs to be achieved in this respective area. Majority of the states are implementing E governance in their working. They are making a collaborative effort in shifting from the manual working model to the electronic working model. It can be inferred that more of the planned implementation of IT is what the need of the hour. More of powerful, efficient, quicker strategies may be drawn for a powerful implementation of E governance. Success of E governance in India India as a country is majorly built on Bureaucratic structures which are built in rationale principles and therefore is definitely failing ti cope up with the present scenario. Therefore a shift from such traditional practices to the complete new electronic world was definitely requires. E governance plays the major role for the implementation of such paradigm shift toward the module of E governance which itself holds as one of the major reasons for its success. Now we have single window operations, more simplified procedures, a better office and record management, less corruption, better job and position handling. The service delivery mechanisms have considerably improved. We need not stand in long queues now, there is less of procedural complexities and the personnel working has considerably improved and has become more transparent. The reason behind such success is the successful implementation of the Information and the Communication Technology. The citizen has become more aware now. He is no longer a puppet in the hands of the government employees and has got a full right to question any kind of discrepancy. E governance is surely a success. A transparent government with a satisfied consumer is what E governance is responsible to produce. E governance in India has definitely given us such results to see which is a step ahead for a developing country like India. Major E-Governance Projects in India 1. Project Vidya Vahini :- Project Vidya Vahini is a project started by Government of India in collaboration with Shiksha India, a non profit organization launched in December 2001. Shiksha India was launched to equip Indian schools with 5 Cs: 1. Computers 2. Connectivity 3. Coaching (Teacher Training) 4. Content 5. Commercial sustainability models Project Vidya Vahini portal provides the opportunity for schools, teachers and students all across the nation, to express and share their creative and academic potential via the internet. The portal further aims at creating such an environment by providing facilities for Content Development, Content Deployment and collaboration. Further the mission of the project is to spread better education and uniform quality of education across India to develop the creativity and problem solving skills of the Indians. Shiksha further strives to increase the earning capacity, reduce information arbitrage in rural India and promote entrepreneurship by providing computer literacy. Shiksha India is also working in partnership with The Ministry of Information Technology in the project Vidya Vahini and Ministry of Human Resources under the CLASS scheme which aims to connect 60.000 schools (approximately 20 million students) across the country in next five years. End Users/Beneficiaries: Populace State where Implemented: Across India Website: http: www.vidyavahini.ernet.in/content/shiksha.htm 2. Project Stamps and Registration Software:- Project Stamps and Registration Software is one of its kinds of project started by the Government of Maharashtra. Generally the stamp and registration department of any state is the top revenue earner for any state government. The Stamp Registration software provides efficient government citizen interface, and also enables enhanced revenue earnings for the Stamps and Registration operation. The core of this application consists of the Registration and Valuation module. Other modules are the Networking and Scanning modules that enable exchange of information securely across departments, and electronic copying of the registered documents thereby enabling return of the original document within few minutes of presentation. The stipulated turnaround time is approximately 25 minutes; 15 minutes for registration and 10 minutes for scanning the document (Before getting computerized, it used to take many hours and sometimes days). The project after being successfully run for IGR, Maharashtra in Pune sites, is being proposed to be implemented in BOT (Build Operate Transfer) basis with participation from private parties. End Users/Beneficiaries: Populace State where Implemented: Maharashtra 3. Project Setu :- Project SETU was introduced by the government of MAHARASHTRA to felicitate the very basic need of the people and introduce a single window interaction of redressal of all their grievances. With the help of IT this single window interaction is made faster, convenient. The main objective of this project was to reduce the effort of the common man to obtain various certificates. Prior to implementation of this project, to obtain a certificate common man had to run from pillar to post of various government offices. This resulted in a lot of hardship. The Project Setu not only provided the users a one stop destination for a number of certificates but also a faster and a more transparent response to their problems. In the initial phase, this project was implemented in the big cities, after studying the response, the government is planning to implement this at taluka and subtaluka level. The Integrated Citizen Facilitation Centres (SETU) is to work on the basic needs of the citizens and reorienting our administrative processes accordingly. The aim is to lay the foundation for e-governance, create visible impact of the intention of the Government in this direction, and facilitate the interaction of the citizens with the Government to make it more transparent, pleasant and satisfying. To create foundation for citizen centric e-governance, at district headquarters subsequently at taluka headquarters Single window clearance of 83 important certificates (includes renewal of leases, permits licenses) Quick redressal of public grievances Common registry of letters, petitions for all sections of the office. On line pendency monitoring of all above To provide services after office hours on holidays also in order to save Time, Money Energy of the public. End Users/Beneficiaries: Populace State where Implemented: Maharashtra Website: http: http://setu.maharashtra.gov.in 4. Project Fast Transport Department Automated :- This project aims to curb the rampant corruption in the traffic department of the state. Project fast was started as a pilot project in three main cities namely Secunderabad, Vijayawada and Chittoor. Fast is the short form of Fully Automated Services of Transport aimed at providing a citizen friendly, corruption free and a prompt service related to traffic department like issue of driving license registration of motor vehicles. The objective of FAST is to make the transport department citizen friendly in its functioning and provide SMART services to the public. It is intended to build comprehensive database and provide on-line services to the public covering various services like Issue of Driving Licenses, Registration of Motor Vehicles, Issue Permits, Collection of Motor Vehicle Taxes, etc. All the RTO department would be linked to each other to felicitate better communication and all the offices in the state would have interconnectivity through APSWAN. The computerization process is planned to take place in two phases. In phase I, Regional Transport offices of Secunderabad, Vijayawada and Chittoor have been covered on pilot basis. The remaining offices are to be covered in the second phase. However, a less powerful central server is to be located at the office of the Transport Commissioner for the purpose of inter-connectivity between these three RTO offices. End Users/Beneficiaries: Populace State where Implemented: Andhra Pradesh Website: http: http: www.aptransport.org 5. Project Mudra :- MUDRA Municipal Corporation towards Digital Revenue administration. This project is intended to help Holding owners, Tax collectors, and officials at headquarter levels and Circle levels. This would help them to get a total picture of tax collector and would help them to make a better future decision. This project is designed to computerize the overall functions of tax collection system of Patna Municipal Corporation. Revenue management is the key to economic stability and development of urban infrastructure to help it to discharge its function properly and cater to the requirements of economic development. The basic objectives of this software, developed and implemented by NIC Bihar State Unit includes bringing improvement to the quality of service being offered to the citizens and at the same time, it will also become possible for the first time to track all kinds of defaulters on payment of taxes due. This will assist the Municipal Corporation in acting quickly and well in time and is expected to have a very positive impact on the total revenue that is currently being collected by the Municipal. End Users/Beneficiaries: Officials of Municipal Corporation State where Implemented: Bihar 6. Project Bhoomi :- This project was started by the govt. of Karnataka with an aim of benefiting the rural population of the state. As the name itself i.e. BHOOMI convey that, the project is related to land. This project came into existence because of the difficulty the farmers have to suffer previously for getting a copy Records of Rights, Tenancy and Crops RTC. This document is helpful while procuring bank loan. Delays and bribes were also being asked. But after the enforcement of this project this document can be availed by paying a fee of Rs. 15 only. Under this project the revenue dept. of the state has maintained 20 million records of land owned by 6.7 million farmers by which a computerized copy of RTC is available at the kiosks (BHOOMI CENTERS). This technology is designed by national informatics centre. This project has won silver CAPAM awards 2002 for the in valuable contribution in uplifting of the rural population in the state. End Users/Beneficiaries: Rural People State where Implemented: Karnataka 7. Project E-Seva (Electronic Seva) This project was launched on 25th august 2001. This is the improved version the TWINS project launched previously on 1999. Under this project the govt. of Andhra Pradesh has opened around 36 e-seva centres in spread over the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad and Ranga Reddy district, it provide around 118 different facilities to the local public from 8.00 am to 8.pm and 9.30am to 3.30 pm on holidays. 70 centres are in operation covering municipalities in 13 districts. It provides services of the likes of payment of utility bills/tax, issue of birth/death certificates, filling of sales tax returns, diff B2C services, and registration of application for passports, etc. These services can be availed at any counter in the centre, others than these some 21 more types of services like railway reservations, TTD services, Bill payments of different cellular co. like AIRTEL,VODAFONE,RELIANCE. Etc. Govt. has also earned a whopping revenue of around 2000 crore (Feb 2003). So it is helping both govt. as well as the public. End Users/Beneficiaries: Populace State where Implemented: Andhra Pradesh 8. Project Lok Mitra :- This project is also known as INTEGRATED CITIZEN SERVICE CENTRE / E-KIOSKS, ICSC. This is the first project its kind in Rajasthan. It aims at providing certain INFORMATON TECHNOLOGY services to rural population of the state. The services are like teach the public how to use credit cards for making payments, and others different it related services in a single window. It is a one stop citizen friendly computerized centre located in the heart of the city of Jaipur. The whole mechanism is governed through a computer server which is linked to different departmental servers through dedicated leased line dial-up network with multiple e-counters. End Users/Beneficiaries: Populace State where Implemented: Rajasthan Website:www.rajasthan.gov.in/it/eg/lokmitra.shtm; http://www.lokmitra.gov.in 9. Project Dristee- Connecting India village by village This project is also known as WORLD AT A GLANCE for the people who have been benefited yet by it. This project provides e-governance and provides facilities related to health, education, market related information, and private related exchange and transactions. Dristee offers its platform to any service provider who wishes to market its range of products to rural India by plugging its range of services offered at village level. This provides scope for the rural people to sell their products at the market at highly beneficial prices such that they earn a maximized rate of return. It also provides social benefits like access to education and health care information. It is helping in reducing the migration of people from rural to urban areas. Dristee is presently capable of enabling the creation of approximately 50,000 information kiosks all over India within a span of six yrs. These kiosks would be able to serve around 500 million people, with an aggregate discretionary purchasing power of Rs.100 billion in less than two yrs. This communication backbone has been supplemented by a string of rural services for example:- avedan, land records, gram daak, gram haat(virtual village market), vaivahiki(matrimonial), shikhyat,etc. this project at last provides employment to a large section of unemployed population in the village. Around 45000 people have been employed till 2003 under this programme by the kiosks owners. End Users/Beneficiaries: Rural and semi-urban people State where Implemented: Haryana, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Orissa Website: http://www.drishtee.com 10. Project AArakshi :- This project is an intranet based system that has been developed and Implemented for Jaipur City Police. This innovative system enables the city police officers to carry out on-line sharing of crime Criminal data bases carry out communication and perform monitoring activities. The Software provides a facility to update Perform queries on database of: ÂÂ · FIRs. ÂÂ · Latest News of criminals Crimes.12 ÂÂ · Telephone Directory of Police Officers. ÂÂ · Messaging. ÂÂ · Instructions of Police Control Room on Real Time basis. ÂÂ · Habitual offenders details along with photo gallery. ÂÂ · Description of criminals. ÂÂ · Missing Persons. ÂÂ · Police Personnel. ÂÂ · Property Details. ÂÂ · Numbered / Unnumbered property. ÂÂ · Vehicle theft / Seizure. ÂÂ · Cultural Property. End Users/Beneficiaries: Jaipur Police Officials State where Implemented: Rajasthan HOW THE NATIONAL CAPITAL DELHI CAN BE BENEFITTED FROM E-GOVERNANCE As the various projects that have been studied above in the research paper have been implemented in different parts of our country successfully ; its very much required that such efficiency in implementing the projects should be shown in our national capital i.e. Delhi. Around the time clock , such projects have shown efficiency in the working system of the particular area , laws have been better maintained , efficient property assessments have been procured , reduction in corruption have been noticed , lesser time wastage and a fairer and a transparent government has been achieved. From the above study we can observe that such regulations should be proceeded with the Delhi region as well. Firstly to start with as far as the stamp papers are concerned , the common problem that one faces is the unavailability of the required denomination by the buyer. Due to such problems they have to buy higher denomination stamp papers and therefore a common citizen faces trouble. Therefore if such stamps are made available online , e governance would prove helpful and reduce a common citizens problems. Secondly, if e governance is successfully implemented in the delhi region people and the government can come into contact with each other at a single point. Hence no time wastage on a citizens part and no resources wastage on the part of the government would prove advantageous. Commonly a citizen needs to be in contact with the government as regards the issue of birth certificate, death certificate, and other legal documents that a citizen would commonly reqire at his very own disposal. It is the duty of the government to make his citizens available to all such requirements. Therefore, if e governance is successfully implemented in delhi region , such issues can be easily solved. Thirdly, if e governance is successfully implemented in Delhi , the long licensing and application procedures can be simplified to a great extent. The procurer can fill the forms and the desired information online with just the authentication procedure to be done physically. This will reduce a lot of problems faced both by the citizen and the government. Fourthly, e governance implementation in Delhi and around the regions can make the payment of taxes , allotment of identities , collection of payments and funds and various other financial transactions very transparent and accurate. Peoples legal issues , transparency , faire government , better access to information , change for the working module of new culture can all be easily maintained. With the successful implementation ICT penetrators , lack of trained human resources and very large geographical distances can be easily resolved. REFRENCES 1.Records Of World Bank 2.Sites which were Referred Google.com 3.Referred Links it.delhigovt.nic.in/rs1/e-govproject.html himachaldit.gov.in/page/e-Governance-Projects.aspx http://books.google.com/books?id=xI12St_xx0MClpg=PP1dq=e-governancepg=PP1#v=onepageqf=false http://egovindia.wordpress.com/category/egovernance-projects-around-country/ Government of india, Information Technology Actin plan : IT for all Indians by 2008 ; http://it-taskforce.nic.in Kochhar Sameer and Gursharan Dhanjal , (2005). E government Report Card , Yojna , Vol.49

the yellow wallpaper -- essays research papers fc

Tyer 1 Drew Tyer  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jennifer McCune ENGL 1312 24 February 2005 No Work and No Play Makes Jane a Dull Girl   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jane in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was â€Å"touched† as some say long before she was prescribed, and administered the â€Å"rest cure† by her husband for her then unknown ailment now called postpartum depression. The boredom and isolation of this cure only allowed her mind to venture farther down a dark and winding corridor of insanity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jane has recently had a child and is experiencing what we know today as postpartum depression. Back in the 1800's doctors had no understanding of these symptoms, so they chalked it all up to a temporary nervous depression. This was cured by a treatment called the â€Å"rest cure† popularized by Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. This remedy consisted mainly of isolation and bed rest. We now know that this does nothing to promote a healthy mind or body. But, at the time this was the best-known cure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a child Jane had hallucinations, â€Å"I used to lie awake as a child and get more entertainment and terror out of blank walls and plain furniture than most children could find in a toy-store.†(Gilman 593). This sort of behavior is more than just your average child’s rampant imagination. This is truly the sound of someone who is delusional and needs some form of psychological counseling.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This overly active quasi delusional behavior followed Jane to adulthood, and was noticed but dismissed as pure silliness by her husband even before the baby came about, â€Å"... he says that Tyer 2 with my imaginative power and habit of story-making, a nervous weakness like mine is sure to lead to all manner of excited fancies...†(Gilman 592) Anytime Jane acted a little bit weird he would just say it was her hyperactive imagination at work again. Little did he know the depths of her problems that were to become evident over the next three months.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The demons in her mind first began to attack her psyche about ... ...traits of a mentally unstable individual. The â€Å"rest cure† coupled with the postpartum depression   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tyer 4 she was experiencing merely accelerated the mental flaws she had, and brought about the inevitable. The cure had taken an already frangible mind and thrown it into complete and total disarray.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tyer 5 Works Cited Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† Literature: An Introduction to Reading And Writing. 7th ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. 2004. 590-600.

Impact Of Global Crisis On Indian Economy Essay

Abstract: The Indian economy has shown considerable resilience to the global economic crisis by maintaining one of the highest growth rates in the world. The intensity of present economic meltdown is so high that it is being compared with the global economic recession in 1873, Great Depression of 1930’s and East Asian crisis of 1990’s. Global Financial Crisis is among the greatest financial challenges to the world economy which is originated in United States of America. The global economic slowdown is unprecedented in scale and has severe implications on policy formulation among emerging market. Currently India has one of the largest developing countries in the world. Its growth was interrupted by the global financial turbulence that was started in 2008 with the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. Industries such as Information Technology, Pharmaceuticals, BPO, ITES, Textiles, Automobile and Banking & Financial Services Sector in India suffered setbacks due to shrinking patronage and demand from western markets. Strong economic growth in the last decade combined with a population of over a billion makes it one of the potentially largest markets in the future. This paper provides an overview of global financial crisis and its impact on the Indian Economy. Keywords: Global Economic crisis, Indian Economy, Gross Domestic Product, Foreign Direct Investment, Balance of Payment. Introduction: Every day the main headline of all newspapers is about our falling share markets, decreasing industrial growth and the overall negative mood of the economy. It is due to the world financial system is now undergoing a global economic crisis of staggering proportions. The global financial crisis impacted India significantly, notwithstanding the sound banking system, negligible exposure of Indian banks to sub-prime assets and relatively well-functioning financial markets. The impact was mainly on account of India’s growing trade and financial integration with the global economy. What is Global Economic Crisis? Global economic crisis refers to an economic scenario where the economies of countries all over the world have taken a beating. Whenever there is a global economic crisis, some companies will remove the employees for short span or for a long run. In that case along with recession, they will feel depression as well. An Economic Recession is a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real gross domestic product, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales. An Economic Depression is a sustained, long-term downturn in economic activity in one or more economy. Methodology: Literature review and secondary research has been used to support the aim of the paper. The information related to the study was collected from the various books, magazines, periodicals, especially from the research reports and articles available over the internet, government websites etc. The study covers the thoughts and writings of various authors in the stream of industry, academician, and research. Objective of the Study: The present study focused on the origin of the Global Economic Crisis and to analyze the reasons and its impact on Indian Economy which examines the trends of GDP growth rates, Foreign Direct Investment, Financial Sector, and overall Balance of Payment etc. Causes of Global Economic Crisis: There are several underlying causes of the current global economic crisis. Most people believe that the major causes of the crisis include the following: fraud and weak underwriting practices, uncontrolled population growth, unscrupulous lending practices, prolonged boom in house prices, massive borrowing binge in the United States and European countries, growing culture of weak regulation etc. Impact on Indian Economy: (a) Impact on Indian GDP growth rate: Economic growth is the increase in value of the goods and services produced by an economy. With the help of a structural quarterly macro econometric model, this paper concludes that significant part of the fall in GDP growth by 2.8 per cent in 2008-2009 due to global economic recession and  depression. It is expected to show up growth about 1.5 per cent in 2009–2010 and now slowly is on the recovery side. Among the major developing countries, growth in India is expected to remain ‘robust’. India’s economy is expected to expand between 7.7 percent and 7.9 percent in 2012-2013, down from 8.5 percent in 2010. (b) Impact on Indian FDI inflows: During the period subsequent to dotcom burst, there has been an unprecedented rise in the cross-border flows and this exuberance was sustained until the occurrence of global financial crisis in the year 2008-09. When there was a significant deceleration in global FDI flows during 2009-10, the decline in FDI flows to India was relatively moderate reflecting robust equity flows on the back of strong rebound in domestic growth ahead of global recovery and steady reinvested earnings reflecting better profitability of foreign companies in India. However, when there had been some recovery in global FDI flows, during 2010-11. The report anticipates that foreign investments in India could increase by over 20 per cent in 2012-13. (c) Impact on Indian Balance of Payments: Fiscal 2009-10 has witnessed a global recovery after a crisis of severe worldwide proportions. The risks of economic crisis however remain, with need for caution in dealing with high public debt and unwinding of fiscal and monetary stimuli. The Indian economy also saw a turnaround, registering 7 % growth during 2009-10, after touching a low of 5.8 per cent in the third and fourth quarters of 2008-09. The balance-of-payments situation improved on the back of a surge in capital flows and rise in foreign exchange reserves, which have been accompanied by rupee appreciation. (d) Impact on Indian Financial Sector: Until the emergence of global crisis, the Indian economy was going through a phase of growing domestic investment financed mostly by domestic savings and sustained consumption demand. This overall improvement in macroeconomic performance in India was attributed to calibrated financial sector reforms that resulted in an efficient system of financial intermediation, albeit bank-based; the rule based fiscal policy that reduced the drag on private savings; and forward-looking monetary policy that balanced the short term trade-off between growth and inflation on a continuous basis. India, though initially somewhat insulated to the global developments, eventually was impacted significantly by the global shocks through all the channels – trade, finance and expectations channels. This raised the issue that whether  India is more globalised than what is perceived in terms of conventional trade openness indicators. Takeaways from the Global Crisis: No doubt, India has been hit by the global economic crisis; it is clearly due to India’s rapid and growing integration into the global economy. The Global economic crisis and the current sovereign debt crisis offer, many regulatory and policy lessons that have come to the fore and are under various stages of implementation, I would flag some takeaways: too much of anything is bad like leverage, liquidity, finance etc. models do not fully reflect the realities of life and excessive reliance on quantitative models is fraught with risk and Finance should serve the real sector and not the converse. Conclusion: While the developed world, including the U.S, the Euro Zone and Japan, has plunged into recession, the Indian Economy is being affected by the spill-over effects of the global financial crisis, the strategy to counter these effects of the global crisis on the Indian economy and prevent the latter from any further collapse would require an effective departure from the dominant economic philosophy of the neo-liberalism. It needs to be emphasized that implementation holds the key to bail out the Indian economy from the economic crisis. Our President Mr. Pranab Mukherjee has suggested that to reduce the pain of economic crisis, employers should cut wages all along the line to reduce costs, rather than retrenching workers and thus add to job losses. RBI needs to neutralize the outflow of FII money by unwinding the market stabilization securities that it had used to sterilize the inflows when they happened. Taxes including excise duty and custom duty should be reduced to lighten the adverse effect of economic crunch on various industries. Also, the government should try and improve liquidity, while CRR and SLR must be cut further. Perhaps growth will bounce back. And the success of Indian companies in 2012 will depend more than ever on their ability to tap into these new opportunities in emerging markets, especially as they look to counter depressed demand at home and increased risk in developed markets. 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